Article(id=1198196208624824990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1217.2024.0608, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1694448000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1702656000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-16, onlineDate=1763601837544, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1735315200000, pubDateStr=2024-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763601837544, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763601837544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763601837544, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198196207379120715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='12', pageStart='1343', pageEnd='1459', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763601837248, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603898104, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198204851306988030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198204851306988031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1366, endPage=1371, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198196208834540194, articleId=1198196208624824990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Precision and efficacy evaluation of high tibial osteotomy assisted by 3D-printed patient-specific instrument, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the accuracy and clinical efficacy of 3D-printed patient-specific instruments (PSIs) in medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) for the treatment of knee varus deformity and medial compartment osteoarthritis. Methods Clinical data of 69 patients with knee varus deformity and medial compartment ostecarthritis who underwent MOWHTO treatment in Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from October 2017 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: 3D group using 3D-printed PSIs (n=37) and conventional group using standard procedures (n=32). The lateral hinge point error, medial osteotomy point error, osteotomy surface angle error, osteotomy depth error, intraoperative distraction angle, femoral tibial angle (FTA), proximal tibial medial angle (MPTA), knee rotation angle (KRA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), intraoperative weight-bearing line ratio (WBLR), and the last follow-up International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score of the two groups were compared. The correlation between accuracy indicators and curative effect was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Results The follow-up time for the 3D group was 19-26 months, averaging (21.1±3.6) months; for the conventional group, it was 14-26 months, averaging (23.6±1.6) months. No significant differences were found between the two groups in lateral hinge point error, osteotomy depth error, intraoperative distraction angle, and the FTA, MPTA, KRA, PTS, IKDC score at the last follow-up (P>0.05). However, the 3D group showed significantly lower errors in medial osteotomy point, osteotomy surface angle, and intraoperative WBLR compared with conventional group (P<0.05). Spearman analysis revealed no correlation between IKDC score and aforementioned accuracy indicators (lateral hinge point error, medial osteotomy point error, osteotomy surface angle error, osteotomy depth error, intraoperative distraction angle, and WBLR) at the last follow-up (P>0.05). Conclusions The use of 3D-printed PSIs in MOWHTO offers a more precise advantage in certain positioning parameters, yet there are still deficiencies in determining WBLR. Compared to traditional MOWHTO surgery, the short-term outcome does not show any significant improvement.

, correspAuthors=Li Li, Dong-Lin Fu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Fu Dong-Lin, E-mail:
Li Li, E-mail:
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目的 探讨3D打印个体化辅助导板(PSI)辅助内侧开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术(MOWHTO)治疗膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎的精准度及临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年10月-2021年3月于安徽医科大学附属阜阳市人民医院骨科行MOWHTO治疗的69例膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎患者的临床资料。根据术中治疗方法的不同将患者分为3D组(n=37,采用3D打印PSI辅助治疗)与常规组(n=32,采用标准流程进行治疗)。比较两组患者的外侧合页点误差、内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度、股骨胫骨角(FTA)、胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA)、膝关节旋转角度(KRA)、胫骨后倾角(PTS)、术中负重线比率(WBLR)、末次随访国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分,并采用Spearman分析精准度相关指标与疗效的相关性。结果 3D组随访时间为19~26(21.1±3.6)个月,常规组为14~26(23.6±1.6)个月。两组外侧合页点误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度,以及末次随访时FTA、MPTA、KRA、PTS、IKDC评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D组内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、术中WBLR明显低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman分析结果显示,末次随访时IKDC评分与外侧合页点误差、内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度、术中WBLR均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 MOWHTO手术中应用3D打印PSI辅助可提高部分定位参数的精准度,但对于WBLR的确定仍存在一些不足,与传统的MOWHTO手术相比短期疗效并未提高。

, correspAuthors=李立, 符东林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
符东林,E-mail:
李立,E-mail:
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李一凡,副主任医师,主要从事关节、创伤及肿瘤方面的研究

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李一凡,副主任医师,主要从事关节、创伤及肿瘤方面的研究

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李一凡,副主任医师,主要从事关节、创伤及肿瘤方面的研究

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A. 前后位图(水平截骨面内侧切口至前方胫骨结节的距离约1 cm);B. 侧位图(上升截骨面至胫骨平台的距离约4 cm);C. 量块位置

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PSI. 个体化辅助导板;MOWHTO. 内侧开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术;A. 术前双下肢全长X线片,根据下肢力线角度进行相关术前设计;B. 术后双下肢全长X线片,测量下肢力线矫正情况;C. 术中放置导板并固定,沿导针截骨;D. 放置3D打印垫块;E. 置入钢板螺钉固定;F. 切口缝合

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Comparison of preoperative baseline parameters between two groups of patients with knee varus deformity and medial compartment osteoarthritis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目

常规组

(n=32)

3D组

(n=37)

χ2/t P
性别[例(%)] 0.959 0.328
7(21.9) 12(32.4)
25(78.1) 25(67.6)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 57.8±8.4 56.7±6.5 -0.599 0.551
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$) 27.89±3.97 27.49±3.31 -0.457 0.649
吸烟[例(%)] - 0.405
4(12.5) 2(5.4)
28(87.5) 35(94.6)
侧别[例(%)] 0.446 0.504
19(59.4) 19(51.4)
13(40.6) 18(48.6)
饮酒[例(%)] - 1.000
4(12.5) 4(10.8)
28(87.5) 33(89.2)
K-L分级[例(%)] 0.278 0.598
21(65.6) 22(59.5)
11(34.4) 15(40.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1198318898857734368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208624824990, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎患者术前一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目

常规组

(n=32)

3D组

(n=37)

χ2/t P
性别[例(%)] 0.959 0.328
7(21.9) 12(32.4)
25(78.1) 25(67.6)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 57.8±8.4 56.7±6.5 -0.599 0.551
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$) 27.89±3.97 27.49±3.31 -0.457 0.649
吸烟[例(%)] - 0.405
4(12.5) 2(5.4)
28(87.5) 35(94.6)
侧别[例(%)] 0.446 0.504
19(59.4) 19(51.4)
13(40.6) 18(48.6)
饮酒[例(%)] - 1.000
4(12.5) 4(10.8)
28(87.5) 33(89.2)
K-L分级[例(%)] 0.278 0.598
21(65.6) 22(59.5)
11(34.4) 15(40.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1198318898970980580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208624824990, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of the error between two groups of patients with knee varus deformity and medial compartment osteoarthritis ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

常规组

(n=32)

3D组

(n=37)

t P
外侧合页点误差(mm) 1.28±0.83 1.09±0.72 -1.017 0.313
内侧截骨点误差(mm) 1.44±0.91 0.05±0.33 -8.123 <0.001
截骨面角度误差(°) 2.25±1.34 0.68±0.67 -6.013 <0.001
截骨深度误差(mm) 2.03±0.47 1.96±0.55 -0.577 0.566
术中撑开角度(°) 10.65±3.25 12.23±3.65 1.875 0.065
术中WBLR(%) 60.78±3.73 58.60±3.60 -2.464 0.016
), ArticleFig(id=1198318899071643881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208624824990, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎患者误差情况比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

常规组

(n=32)

3D组

(n=37)

t P
外侧合页点误差(mm) 1.28±0.83 1.09±0.72 -1.017 0.313
内侧截骨点误差(mm) 1.44±0.91 0.05±0.33 -8.123 <0.001
截骨面角度误差(°) 2.25±1.34 0.68±0.67 -6.013 <0.001
截骨深度误差(mm) 2.03±0.47 1.96±0.55 -0.577 0.566
术中撑开角度(°) 10.65±3.25 12.23±3.65 1.875 0.065
术中WBLR(%) 60.78±3.73 58.60±3.60 -2.464 0.016
), ArticleFig(id=1198318899176501483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208624824990, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of the radiological and follow-up data between two groups of patients with knee varus deformity and medial compartment osteoarthritis ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 术前 t P 末次随访 t P
常规组(n=32) 3D组(n=37) 常规组(n=32) 3D组(n=37)
FTA(°) 7.88±2.60 9.30±3.70 1.813 0.074 -0.97±2.61* -0.91±2.35* 0.852 0.915
MPTA(°) 83.18±2.27 83.29±3.17 0.164 0.870 92.29±2.25* 92.67±2.99* 0.588 0.558
KRA(°) 4.23±1.72 5.02±2.05 1.713 0.091 3.79±1.26* 4.50±1.68* 1.977 0.054
PTS(°) 9.20±4.30 8.50±4.10 -0.732 0.467 7.20±4.80* 6.40±4.90* -0.686 0.496
IKDC评分(分) 34.16±5.73 32.08±6.32 -1.421 0.160 86.94±7.61* 86.16±5.45* -0.491 0.625
), ArticleFig(id=1198318900338323699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208624824990, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎患者影像学及随访结果比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 术前 t P 末次随访 t P
常规组(n=32) 3D组(n=37) 常规组(n=32) 3D组(n=37)
FTA(°) 7.88±2.60 9.30±3.70 1.813 0.074 -0.97±2.61* -0.91±2.35* 0.852 0.915
MPTA(°) 83.18±2.27 83.29±3.17 0.164 0.870 92.29±2.25* 92.67±2.99* 0.588 0.558
KRA(°) 4.23±1.72 5.02±2.05 1.713 0.091 3.79±1.26* 4.50±1.68* 1.977 0.054
PTS(°) 9.20±4.30 8.50±4.10 -0.732 0.467 7.20±4.80* 6.40±4.90* -0.686 0.496
IKDC评分(分) 34.16±5.73 32.08±6.32 -1.421 0.160 86.94±7.61* 86.16±5.45* -0.491 0.625
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3D打印个体化导板辅助下胫骨高位截骨的精准度及临床疗效分析
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李一凡 , 孙广峰 , 付廷 , 管俞君 , 李立 * , 符东林 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(12): 1366-1371
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(12): 1366-1371
3D打印个体化导板辅助下胫骨高位截骨的精准度及临床疗效分析
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李一凡, 孙广峰, 付廷, 管俞君, 李立* , 符东林*
作者信息
  • 安徽医科大学附属阜阳市人民医院骨科,安徽阜阳 236000
  • 李一凡,副主任医师,主要从事关节、创伤及肿瘤方面的研究

通讯作者:

符东林,E-mail:
李立,E-mail:
Precision and efficacy evaluation of high tibial osteotomy assisted by 3D-printed patient-specific instrument
Yi-Fan Li, Guang-Feng Sun, Ting Fu, Yu-Jun Guan, Li Li* , Dong-Lin Fu*
Affiliations
  • Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1217.2024.0608
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目的 探讨3D打印个体化辅助导板(PSI)辅助内侧开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术(MOWHTO)治疗膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎的精准度及临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年10月-2021年3月于安徽医科大学附属阜阳市人民医院骨科行MOWHTO治疗的69例膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎患者的临床资料。根据术中治疗方法的不同将患者分为3D组(n=37,采用3D打印PSI辅助治疗)与常规组(n=32,采用标准流程进行治疗)。比较两组患者的外侧合页点误差、内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度、股骨胫骨角(FTA)、胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA)、膝关节旋转角度(KRA)、胫骨后倾角(PTS)、术中负重线比率(WBLR)、末次随访国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分,并采用Spearman分析精准度相关指标与疗效的相关性。结果 3D组随访时间为19~26(21.1±3.6)个月,常规组为14~26(23.6±1.6)个月。两组外侧合页点误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度,以及末次随访时FTA、MPTA、KRA、PTS、IKDC评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D组内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、术中WBLR明显低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman分析结果显示,末次随访时IKDC评分与外侧合页点误差、内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度、术中WBLR均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 MOWHTO手术中应用3D打印PSI辅助可提高部分定位参数的精准度,但对于WBLR的确定仍存在一些不足,与传统的MOWHTO手术相比短期疗效并未提高。

内侧开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术  /  关节炎  /  内翻  /  3D打印  /  精准度

Objective To investigate the accuracy and clinical efficacy of 3D-printed patient-specific instruments (PSIs) in medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) for the treatment of knee varus deformity and medial compartment osteoarthritis. Methods Clinical data of 69 patients with knee varus deformity and medial compartment ostecarthritis who underwent MOWHTO treatment in Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from October 2017 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: 3D group using 3D-printed PSIs (n=37) and conventional group using standard procedures (n=32). The lateral hinge point error, medial osteotomy point error, osteotomy surface angle error, osteotomy depth error, intraoperative distraction angle, femoral tibial angle (FTA), proximal tibial medial angle (MPTA), knee rotation angle (KRA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), intraoperative weight-bearing line ratio (WBLR), and the last follow-up International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score of the two groups were compared. The correlation between accuracy indicators and curative effect was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Results The follow-up time for the 3D group was 19-26 months, averaging (21.1±3.6) months; for the conventional group, it was 14-26 months, averaging (23.6±1.6) months. No significant differences were found between the two groups in lateral hinge point error, osteotomy depth error, intraoperative distraction angle, and the FTA, MPTA, KRA, PTS, IKDC score at the last follow-up (P>0.05). However, the 3D group showed significantly lower errors in medial osteotomy point, osteotomy surface angle, and intraoperative WBLR compared with conventional group (P<0.05). Spearman analysis revealed no correlation between IKDC score and aforementioned accuracy indicators (lateral hinge point error, medial osteotomy point error, osteotomy surface angle error, osteotomy depth error, intraoperative distraction angle, and WBLR) at the last follow-up (P>0.05). Conclusions The use of 3D-printed PSIs in MOWHTO offers a more precise advantage in certain positioning parameters, yet there are still deficiencies in determining WBLR. Compared to traditional MOWHTO surgery, the short-term outcome does not show any significant improvement.

medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy  /  arthritis  /  varus  /  3D printed  /  accuracy
李一凡, 孙广峰, 付廷, 管俞君, 李立, 符东林. 3D打印个体化导板辅助下胫骨高位截骨的精准度及临床疗效分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (12) : 1366 -1371 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1217.2024.0608
Yi-Fan Li, Guang-Feng Sun, Ting Fu, Yu-Jun Guan, Li Li, Dong-Lin Fu. Precision and efficacy evaluation of high tibial osteotomy assisted by 3D-printed patient-specific instrument[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (12) : 1366 -1371 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1217.2024.0608
近年来,常规内侧开放胫骨高位楔形截骨术(medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy,MOWHTO)作为治疗膝关节内翻伴内侧间室疼痛的一种相对保守的手术方式[1],在年轻及运动活跃患者中取得了良好的疗效。既往研究证实MOWHTO的短期临床疗效满意[2-3],但该方法对矫正角度的精准度要求较高,矫正不足常导致治疗效果不佳[4-5]。对于经验不足及基层医院的医师,3D打印个体化辅助导板(patient-specific instrument,PSI)技术是一种有望解决这类手术精准度问题的良好选择。近年来,国内外将3D打印PSI用于胫骨高位楔形截骨术(high tibial osteotomy,HTO)中的报道逐渐增多,并强调了3D技术应用于MOWHTO的优势[6-8]。本研究探讨了3D打印PSI辅助MOWHTO治疗膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎的精准度及临床疗效,旨在为手术方案的选择提供参考。
收集2017年10月-2021年3月于安徽医科大学附属阜阳市人民医院骨科行MOWHTO治疗的69例膝关节内翻伴内侧间室骨关节炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同将患者分为3D组(n=37)与常规组(n=32)。3D组采用3D打印PSI辅助治疗,常规组采用标准流程进行治疗。纳入标准:(1)年龄<75岁;(2)患膝活动范围>90°;(3)膝关节疼痛以内侧间室为主且伴有膝关节内翻;(4)MRI检查显示外侧膝关节间室完好或关节镜探查显示软骨病变的国际软骨修复学会(International Cartilage Repair Society,ICRS)关节软骨损伤分级<2级,膝关节骨关节炎Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)分级Ⅱ-Ⅲ级;(5)经过3个月的药物治疗无效;(6)无其他严重慢性疾病。排除标准:(1)患膝屈曲挛缩>10°;(2)膝关节内翻>10°;(3)由于自身存在干扰因素,CT拍摄效果较差。收集两组患者术前一般资料,如性别、年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)等。本研究获阜阳市人民医院医学伦理委员会批准(医伦理审查[2019]32号)。
术前两组患者均拍摄标准双下肢全长X线片、患膝正侧位X线片,并行MRI及CT平扫检查,3D组同时行标准双下肢CT三维重建。两组患者手术均由同一术者施行。
将DICOM格式的CT和双下肢全长X线片数据导入Medraw软件(中国影为医疗科技有限公司)进行处理。在X线片上测量患侧膝关节内翻角度,对所需撑开的度数及术后力线进行二维规划;将下肢CT三维重建影像与X线片进行二、三维配准,以保证其准确性(图1);根据二维规划数据自动生成导板,手动修改导板尺寸等参数后,导出stl格式的导板文件。
对stl导板文件采用Preform软件(美国Formlabs公司)进行加支撑处理,注意避开关键结构部位;将加完支撑的文件通过Form3机器(美国Formlabs公司)用SG光敏树脂材料(美国Formlabs公司)进行打印;打印完成后将模型取出,剪断支撑处,利用Form wash清洗机(美国Formlabs公司)清洗表面残留的树脂,然后放入Form cure固化箱(美国Formlabs公司)进行固化,完成后得到成品。
3D组手术采用标准的胫骨近端内侧纵行切口,分离并暴露胫骨近端内侧副韧带止点表面后,放置截骨导板。如计算机模拟3D打印模型结果所示,当截骨导板锁定其表面后,将两根导针通过导板上的指引孔钻入至外侧皮质,确定截骨平面,并通过C形臂X线机透视评估确定导针的角度和位置。位置满意后,移除截骨导板,保持导针位置,在其下方用摆锯行冠状面及横断面双平面截骨。截骨至胫骨合页处,保留外侧皮质约1 cm。随后将叠层骨刀逐步打入截骨面,用撑开器逐步扩大角度,直至能够将术前3D打印出的楔形模块嵌入。最后采用锁定钢板(TomoFix系统,瑞士DePuy-Synthes公司)固定,截骨间隙使用骨修复材料(杭州九源基因工程有限公司)填充。
常规组手术步骤基本同3D组,不同点在于:(1)无导板辅助,而是采用两根导针在C形臂透视下定位截骨面;(2)撑开角度为术前采用Miniaci等[9]的方法测量所得,并在术中通过力线杆二次确认。
所有患者术后无需支具保护,第1天起在康复师指导下开始练习患膝屈伸运动并拄拐逐渐部分负重锻炼,直至6周后患肢完全负重。
比较两组外侧合页点误差、内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度、膝关节旋转角度(knee rotation angle,KRA)、术中负重线比率(weight-bearing line ratio,WBLR;胫骨平台从内至外的百分比),以及术前、末次随访时的股骨胫骨角(femoral tibial angle,FTA)、胫骨近端内侧角(medial proximal tibial angle,MPTA)、胫骨后倾角(posterior tibial slope,PTS)、国际膝关节文献委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)评分。其中外侧合页点误差为外侧实际合页点与计划外侧合页点(外侧胫骨平台下约1.2 cm处)之间差异的绝对值;内侧截骨点误差为内侧实际截骨点与计划内侧截骨点(水平截骨面内侧切口至前方胫骨结节的距离为1 cm)之间差异的绝对值;截骨面角度误差为实际上升截骨面角度与计划上升截骨面角度(110°)之间差异的绝对值;截骨深度误差为实际截骨深度距外侧合页点与计划截骨深度距外侧合页点(0.5 cm)之间差异的绝对值;KRA按照Kim等[10]的方法检测,即股骨髁后缘连接线和在胫骨结节水平胫骨后缘连线之间的角度;IKDC评分由两名骨科医师以问卷调查形式获得,包括入院时(术前)和末次随访时的数据。
随访截至2022年10月,随访方式包括但不限于电话随访、门诊随访等。随访内容涵盖患者术后康复情况、疼痛程度等与IKDC评分相关的详细信息以及影像学参数,以全面了解手术效果和患者的术后状况。
采用SPSS 24.0软件(美国IBM公司)进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher's精确检验;采用Spearman分析精准度相关指标与疗效的相关性。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
术前两组患者的性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒、Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)分级等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
两组患者手术顺利,术中均无明显并发症发生。两组外侧合页点误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D组内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、术中WBLR明显低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。
3D组随访时间为19~26(21.1±3.6)个月,常规组为14~26(23.6±1.6)个月。3D组患者未见明显相关并发症;常规组中1例出现术后伤口愈合不良,经多次换药后逐渐恢复。随访过程中,两组均未出现再损伤、翻修等情况。与术前比较,两组末次随访时FTA、MPTA、KRA、PTS及IKDC评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间术前、末次随访时FTA、MPTA、KRA、PTS及IKDC评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表3)。3D打印PSI辅助MOWHTO治疗左侧膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎伴内翻畸形的典型病例见图2
将两组全部69例患者作为整体进行分析,69例患者外侧合页点误差、内侧截骨点误差、截骨面角度误差、截骨深度误差、术中撑开角度、术中WBLR、末次随访时IKDC评分分别为(12.61±1.28) mm、(39.77±1.16) mm、0.51°±1.85°、59.61%±3.79%和(86.52±6.50)分。Spearman分析结果显示,末次随访时IKDC评分与外侧合页点误差(ρ=0.061,P=0.621)、内侧截骨点误差(ρ=-0.135,P=0.268)、截骨面角度误差(ρ=-0.001,P=0.995)、截骨深度误差(ρ=-0.022,P=0.858)、术中撑开角度(ρ=0.152,P=0.216)、术中WBLR(ρ=0.144,P=0.236)均无相关性。
对于局限于内侧或外侧间室的膝关节骨关节炎,单髁置换或截骨矫形的治疗效果通常优于全膝关节置换术,其中截骨矫形更适用于年轻活跃且伴有下肢力线偏移的单间室骨关节炎患者[11]。未矫正的内翻畸形往往会加速骨关节炎的进展[5],而术前规划对术后疗效具有重要影响[12]。有研究发现,采用传统MOWHTO治疗的患者中,约20%未得到适当矫正[13];近端胫骨截骨术中胫骨平台骨折率高达11%,且仅50%的患者达到了预期的矫正结果[9]。以上问题可归因于术前设计不准确、术中操作不精准及测量误差[14]。此外,术后角度丢失可导致内固定失效或截骨面不愈合[15]。为解决上述问题,近年来3D打印及导航技术逐步应用于MOWHTO术中,以提高手术的精准度及治疗效果[6,16-17]
本研究选取内侧截骨点、外侧合页点、截骨面角度、截骨深度、撑开角度及WBLR等多个参数,同时根据Tomofix钢板操作说明书选择这些参数的参考位点,并详细记录实际操作数据与参考位点之间的误差。结果显示,3D组外侧合页点误差为(1.09±0.72) mm,常规组为(1.28±0.83) mm,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.313),分析原因为腓骨头与外侧胫骨平台之间的距离范围较小,即使常规组术中无导板辅助,在X线的监测下,外侧合页点误差也不会太大。3D组内侧截骨点误差为(0.05±0.33) mm,常规组为(1.44±0.91) mm,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),分析原因可能为:常规内侧截骨开始时,首先将第1根克氏针内侧进针点定位于鹅足的近端,即胫骨近端后缘的前方,然后将第2根克氏针放置于第1根克氏针前方约2.0 cm处并与其平行,内侧截骨点基本确定;由于在暴露时需剥离内侧副韧带浅层,因此3D组中,PSI导板根据术前三维CT规划,术中能够更好地贴合于胫骨近端内侧,而常规组中内侧截骨点的选择可能与计划截骨点存在一定误差,这可能是3D组中内侧截骨点误差较小的原因。两组截骨面角度误差比较无明显差异[0.68°±0.67° vs. 2.25°±1.34°,P>0.05],但3D组截骨面角度更接近预期值110°。此外两组截骨深度误差比较也无明显差异[(1.96±0.55) mm vs. (2.03±0.47) mm,P>0.05]。术前可根据多种方法测量计算撑开角度,目前临床常用的为Miniac等[9]的方法。而WBLR的定位常取自Fujisawa点,即胫骨平台从内至外约62.5%处[18]。两组术中撑开角度无明显差异(P>0.05),但WBLR定位存在差异,其中3D组为58.60%±3.60%,明显低于常规组的60.78%±3.73%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016)。分析原因可能为常规组术中采用力线杆确认力线时,通过患肢足部背伸并在胫骨近端外侧适当加压来模拟下肢负重状态,从而得到了更准确的负重位力线,而3D打印PSI设计中采用的是双下肢非负重位CT影像,可能产生一定的误差。未来对于该方面的设计仍需进一步改进。
采用MOWHTO治疗膝关节内翻伴内侧间室疼痛近年来国内外已有大量报道,并证实了其短期、中期、长期疗效均较好[19-21],本研究结果也证实了此点,术后3D组和常规组短期疗效均较好,IKDC评分分别为(86.16±5.45)分和(86.94±7.61)分,但两组间比较,差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示尽管采用3D截骨导板提高了术中精准度,但在临床疗效方面并未表现出明显优势。值得注意的是,与术前比较,两组末次随访时KRA、PTS均明显降低(P<0.05),但两组间无明显差异(P>0.05),与Kim等[10]的研究结果相似,分析其原因可能与胫骨近端内旋有关,而后者可能是MOWHTO手术造成的膝关节周围软组织张力改变、骨形状和铰链轴角度改变引起的[22],但仍需进一步通过生物力学实验加以验证。3D打印PSI在术后短期临床疗效和整体矫形结果方面并未呈现明显的优势,分析原因可能是由于手术操作者已经具备丰富的经验,而对于初学者,使用此技术进行学习和操作可能具有一定的帮助。有研究显示,非手术治疗对于部分单纯膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎也能取得不错的效果[23]。此外,不同的截骨方式及固定钢板的选择也会对MOWHTO术后疗效产生不同的影响,但仍需进一步探讨[24]
此外,3D打印PSI也存在一些不足之处:患者通常需要进行额外的CT扫描,增加了治疗成本和辐射损伤。有研究发现,目前CT检查在辐射剂量方面与双下肢全长X线检查相当[25]。同时3D打印PSI辅助HTO对于患膝PTS及膝关节运动学的改变[26]仍需进一步探讨。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,3D打印PSI辅助MOWHTO给骨科医师进行手术带来了便利,可更精确地选择部分定位参数,但对于WBLR的确定仍存在不足,相较于传统MOWHTO手术其短期疗效并未提高。
  • 阜阳市卫健委基金(FY2019-021)
  • 阜阳市卫健委基金(FY2019-023)
  • 阜阳市卫健委基金(FY2021-034)
  • 阜阳市科技局基金(FK202081031)
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2024年第49卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1217.2024.0608
  • 接收时间:2023-09-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2024-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-12
  • 录用日期:2023-12-16
基金
Funding from the Health Commission of Fuyang City(FY2019-021)
阜阳市卫健委基金(FY2019-021)
Funding from the Health Commission of Fuyang City(FY2019-023)
阜阳市卫健委基金(FY2019-023)
Funding from the Health Commission of Fuyang City(FY2021-034)
阜阳市卫健委基金(FY2021-034)
Science and Technology Bureau of Fuyang City(FK202081031)
阜阳市科技局基金(FK202081031)
作者信息
    安徽医科大学附属阜阳市人民医院骨科,安徽阜阳 236000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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