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Soil-dwelling termites that excavate tunnels and construct nests within embankments represent one of the most critical latent threats to hydraulic engineering. Consequently，accurate and efficient localization of termite nests is essential for effective prevention and control. This study，grounded in the biological behavioral patterns of termites，presents a novel localization approach that integrates deep learning-based object detection with probabilistic field modeling. First，an enhanced YOLOv5 architecture is developed to automatically identify termite castes，including soldiers，workers，and nymphs. Second，an improved multi-object tracking framework based on DeepSORT is employed to generate counting zones for each caste，quantify their populations，and determine aggregated dominant movement directions. Finally，leveraging the characteristic foraging distances and activity distributions of the three castes，a behavioral-habit-based probabilistic model is constructed. This model incorporates dynamic distance and direction weighting functions to generate a two-dimensional probabilistic field centered on each bait-recognition point. The feasibility of the proposed method is validated through experimental comparisons between predicted and actual nest locations. Furthermore，by applying global probability extension and likelihood fusion，the framework supports multi-point matrix-based cooperative localization. Integrating computer vision，ecological behavior analysis，and probabilistic modeling，the method provides a low-cost，high-efficiency alternative to traditional techniques，with scalability for large-scale data analysis and compatibility with IoT-based remote monitoring systems，thereby substantially enhancing the efficiency of termite nest localization.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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