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Comparative liver proteome analysis of feedlot steer calves reveals growth trait-specific pathways influenced by calving season
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Chris Johnson1, Amit Singh2, Zahid Hasan2, Kamrul Islam2, Zhibo Yang3, Mindy King4, Andrew Foote1, David Lalman1, Nagib Ahsan2, 5, *, Paul Beck1, *
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology | 2026, 17(4) : 2396 - 2412
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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology | 2026, 17(4): 2396-2412
• ANIMAL PRODUCTION •
Comparative liver proteome analysis of feedlot steer calves reveals growth trait-specific pathways influenced by calving season
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Chris Johnson1, Amit Singh2, Zahid Hasan2, Kamrul Islam2, Zhibo Yang3, Mindy King4, Andrew Foote1, David Lalman1, Nagib Ahsan2, 5, *, Paul Beck1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Animal & Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
  • 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
  • 3Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
  • 4Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
  • 5Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
Published: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01370-6
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Background

The bovine liver is a key organ governing nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, and growth. However, the effects of birth season and growth potential on hepatic protein expression remain poorly understood.

Results

This study investigated the liver proteome of steer calves born during the spring and fall 2023 calving seasons (n = 5-6 steer/growth trait/season). Using a comparative label-free quantitative proteomics approach, 2,133 proteins were identified and quantified following feedlot entry. Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses revealed distinct segregation of protein expression profiles according to both birth season (spring vs. fall) and growth trait (high vs. moderate), with calving season exerting the stronger overall influence. Bioinformatic and pathway enrichment analyses identified significant growth- and season-independent proteins. Growth-associated proteins were primarily involved in immune signaling, including antigen processing and presentation, as well as glutathione-CYP detoxification pathways. In contrast, season-independent proteins were enriched in pathways related to circadian rhythm, hormonal regulation, and muscle contraction.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that both growth trajectory and season of birth independently modulate the bovine liver proteome, with stronger seasonal effects, providing novel insight into the metabolic and immune mechanisms underlying variation in calf growth performance.

Birth season  /  Bovine liver  /  Feedlot performance  /  Growth potential  /  Proteomics
Chris Johnson, Amit Singh, Zahid Hasan, Kamrul Islam, Zhibo Yang, Mindy King, Andrew Foote, David Lalman, Nagib Ahsan, Paul Beck. Comparative liver proteome analysis of feedlot steer calves reveals growth trait-specific pathways influenced by calving season[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2026 , 17 (4) : 2396 -2412 . DOI: 10.1186/s40104-026-01370-6
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Funding
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  • OU VPRP Office for establishing the Proteomics Core Facility
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 17 Issue 4
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33
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Article Info
doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01370-6
  • Receive Date：2025-11-05
  • Online Date：2026-08-13
  • Published：2026-08-15
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-11-05
  • Accepted：2026-01-28
Funding
OU VPRP Office for establishing the Proteomics Core Facility
Affiliations
    1Animal & Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
    2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
    3Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
    4Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
    5Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA

Corresponding:

* Nagib Ahsan
Paul Beck
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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