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Histone lactylation maintains bovine early embryo development via regulating embryonic genome activation
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Wenjie Yu1, Yi Xia1, Wenzhuo Wang1, Zhiyuan Yang1, Zhengqiu Liu1, Xinqi Gan1, Mengya Zhang1, Beibei Zhou1, Yunsheng Li1, Yunhai Zhang1, *, Zubing Cao1, *
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology | 2026, 17(4) : 1943 - 1957
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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology | 2026, 17(4): 1943-1957
• ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING •
Histone lactylation maintains bovine early embryo development via regulating embryonic genome activation
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Wenjie Yu1, Yi Xia1, Wenzhuo Wang1, Zhiyuan Yang1, Zhengqiu Liu1, Xinqi Gan1, Mengya Zhang1, Beibei Zhou1, Yunsheng Li1, Yunhai Zhang1, *, Zubing Cao1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No.130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
Published: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01398-8
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Background

Early embryo loss is an important factor affecting the reproductive capacity of cattle. Recent studies have revealed that during the process of embryonic genome activation (EGA), epigenetic modification, such as histone lactylation remodeling, is crucial for early embryonic development. However, the effects of histone lactylation on early embryonic development in bovines and the related mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, in vitro fertilized embryos were utilized to investigate the effects of histone lactylation on EGA and early embryo development in cattle.

Results

Histone lactylation, including pan-lysine lactylation, histone H3 lysine 9 lactylation, and histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation, occurred mainly in the nucleus and significantly decreased from the 8-cell stage to the morula stage and increased from the morula stage to the blastocyst stage. Decreased or increased levels of histone lactylation induced by GSKA or sodium lactate supplementation inhibited early bovine embryo development and blastocyst lineage differentiation. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing data and 5-ethynyluridine staining revealed that a reduction in histone lactylation levels altered the expression of genes associated with DNA transcription and RNA polymerase activity, thereby impairing EGA. Importantly, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide rescued the inhibitory effects of GSKA supplementation on bovine EGA and early embryonic development.

Conclusions

Histone lactylation maintains early bovine embryo development by regulating EGA. Our findings provide a theoretical reference for addressing early embryo loss and thereby increasing the reproductive capacity of cattle.

Cattle  /  Embryonic genome activation  /  Histone lactylation  /  In vitro fertilization
Wenjie Yu, Yi Xia, Wenzhuo Wang, Zhiyuan Yang, Zhengqiu Liu, Xinqi Gan, Mengya Zhang, Beibei Zhou, Yunsheng Li, Yunhai Zhang, Zubing Cao. Histone lactylation maintains bovine early embryo development via regulating embryonic genome activation[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2026 , 17 (4) : 1943 -1957 . DOI: 10.1186/s40104-026-01398-8
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Funding
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  • National Key Research & Developmental Program of China(2023YFD1300502-1)
  • Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding(2025SKLAB6-14)
  • Startup Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui Agricultural University(rc392504)
  • Anhui Province Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research Project Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Anhui(2024AH040078)
  • Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Commissioner Project(202513b10050016)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 17 Issue 4
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48
11
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Article Info
doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01398-8
  • Receive Date：2025-11-04
  • Online Date：2026-08-13
  • Published：2026-08-15
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-11-04
  • Accepted：2026-03-13
Funding
National Key Research & Developmental Program of China(2023YFD1300502-1)
Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding(2025SKLAB6-14)
Startup Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui Agricultural University(rc392504)
Anhui Province Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research Project Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Anhui(2024AH040078)
Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Commissioner Project(202513b10050016)
Affiliations
    1Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No.130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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