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Host genomic regulation of ileal Bradyrhizobium abundance modulates eating speed and fat metabolism in birds: a causal mechanism study
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Yang Zhao1, 2, 3, Shuangshuang Zhai1, 2, 3, Ping Wang1, 2, 3, Wenwei Yang1, 2, 3, Xinxin Liu1, 2, 3, Yuchi Dai1, 2, 3, Chengxuan Li1, 2, 3, Fei Liu1, Ning Yang1, 2, 3, 4, Wei Yan1, 2, 3, 4, *
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology | 2026, 17(4) : 1878 - 1894
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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology | 2026, 17(4): 1878-1894
• ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING •
Host genomic regulation of ileal Bradyrhizobium abundance modulates eating speed and fat metabolism in birds: a causal mechanism study
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Yang Zhao1, 2, 3, Shuangshuang Zhai1, 2, 3, Ping Wang1, 2, 3, Wenwei Yang1, 2, 3, Xinxin Liu1, 2, 3, Yuchi Dai1, 2, 3, Chengxuan Li1, 2, 3, Fei Liu1, Ning Yang1, 2, 3, 4, Wei Yan1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
  • 2College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • 3National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • 4Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Published: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01369-z
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Background

Eating speed is a key eating behavior trait that influences energy intake and fat deposition, yet its regulation by host genetics and gut microbiota remains poorly understood in birds.

Results

We systematically investigated the interplay among host genetics, gut microbiota, eating speed, and fat deposition in chickens. Phenotypic analyses revealed a positive association between eating speed and abdominal fat, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis identified a bidirectional feedback loop in which fat deposition promotes faster eating, which in turn exacerbates fat accumulation. Microbiome and MR analyses highlighted the ileal genus Bradyrhizobium as a causal regulator of both eating speed and fat deposition, with higher abundance reducing abdominal fat, triglyceride levels, and inflammatory markers. Microbiome genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) further identified host genetic variants and candidate genes, including convergent signals at RECK, influencing Bradyrhizobium abundance. Mediation analyses indicated that Bradyrhizobium modulates eating speed partially through its effects on abdominal fat, emphasizing a host-microbe-behavior feedback axis.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a complex interplay among host genetics, gut microbes, and eating behavior, providing mechanistic insights and potential targets for precision interventions to optimize growth and metabolic health in poultry.

Abdominal fat  /  Bradyrhizobium  /  Eating speed  /  Host genetics  /  Mendelian randomization
Yang Zhao, Shuangshuang Zhai, Ping Wang, Wenwei Yang, Xinxin Liu, Yuchi Dai, Chengxuan Li, Fei Liu, Ning Yang, Wei Yan. Host genomic regulation of ileal Bradyrhizobium abundance modulates eating speed and fat metabolism in birds: a causal mechanism study[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2026 , 17 (4) : 1878 -1894 . DOI: 10.1186/s40104-026-01369-z
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Funding
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  • Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2025TC121)
  • Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(325RC806)
  • China Agricultural University Sanya Research Institute "Young Research Fellow" Start-up Funding Project(SYND-QDJF-04)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 17 Issue 4
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38
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Article Info
doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01369-z
  • Receive Date：2025-10-28
  • Online Date：2026-08-13
  • Published：2026-08-15
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-10-28
  • Accepted：2026-01-28
Funding
Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2025TC121)
Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(325RC806)
China Agricultural University Sanya Research Institute "Young Research Fellow" Start-up Funding Project(SYND-QDJF-04)
Affiliations
    1Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
    2College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    3National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    4Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

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Citations
表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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