¹College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China

²Shandong University of Technology Sub-center of National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticide Spraying Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China

³Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

⁴Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya 42000, Turkey

⁵Economy and Information Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750003, China