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In recent decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs), particularly red tide events caused by dinoflagellates, have occurred frequently in China’s coastal waters, threatening marine ecological security, economic and social development, and human health. Considering the diversity and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in sediments from 267 stations in China’s four major seas during 2014-2018, this study integrated historical HAB records and literature on the distribution and abundance of vegetative cells in water bodies. By applying the typical red tide risk assessment method, risk maps for red tide outbreaks of 26 target dinoflagellate species in China’s seas were compiled, and the assessment results were interpreted and discussed. The target dinoflagellates exhibited varying degrees of red tide risk values. Among them, 11 species (Scrippsiella acuminata, Scrippsiella donghaiensis, Gonyaulax spinifera, Alexandrium catenella, Levanderina fissa, Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus, Alexandrium pacificum, Alexandrium minutum, Gonyaulax polygramma, Akashiwo sanguinea,and Prorocentrum donghaiense) showed high-risk characteristics at certain monitoring stations, whereas 21 species displayed moderately high-risk characteristics. Additionally, the risk values of different dinoflagellates varied across China’s four major seas and presented distinct regional features. For example, the red tide risk values of Pr. donghaiense and Ps. profundisulcus in the East and South China Seas, respectively, were significantly higher than those in other sea areas. Correlation analysis showed that 37 pairs and 5 pairs of dinoflagellate species showed significantly positive and negative correlations in their risk values, respectively, reflecting certain synergistic or competitive relationships in their ecological niches. This study provides a scientific basis for preventing and controlling red tides in China’s coastal waters, and a reference for similar studies in other marine areas worldwide, and for the prediction and forecasting of red tides.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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