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Health assessments of marine ecosystems rely heavily on the real-time diagnosis of biological status and functions. However, the “cognitive lag” of traditional biological observation (i.e., the long period from sample collection to species identification and data output, which makes it difficult to reflect rapid changes in the ecosystem promptly) has become the core bottleneck for the operational application of health assessment. This article systematically analyzes the historical roots and contemporary predicaments of this bottleneck, pointing out that it stems from “technological path dependence”, “verification logic paradox”, and “observation network absence”. To break through this predicament, this article proposes a new biological observation paradigm that will enable the shift from “lagging evidence collection to real-time diagnosis”. This paradigm includes three core dimensions: at the cognitive level, it will survey the “complete species set”, track the “functional fingerprints”, and identify key ecological function signals; at the technical level, it will construct a “real-time perception-quality control verification” collaborative technical system, integrate cutting-edge measures such as environmental DNA, in situ imaging, and intelligent acoustics, and innovatively iterate the verification mode; at the network level, through the development of modular intelligent biological sensing modules, it will embed biological sensing capabilities in the global observation network in an “plug-and-play” manner, achieving automated and continuous perception of biological signals. This paradigm shift aims to upgrade biological observations to a forward-looking information infrastructure that supports real-time health diagnoses and early warnings regarding marine ecosystems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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