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To investigate the occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of microplastics in zooplankton communities of Jiaozhou Bay, a seasonal survey was conducted in February, May, August, and November that quantified the abundance and characteristics of microplastics within zooplankton. The results showed that the microplastics abundance within individual zooplankton over the four months was 0.30, 0.20, 0.21, and 0.20 items/individual, respectively. The community-level microplastic abundance was 0.19, 5.61, 7.36, and 0.52 items/m3, respectively. The microplastic abundance within zooplankton communities in May and August was significantly higher than that in February and November. The average storage of microplastics by zooplankton communities in Jiaozhou Bay over the four months was 3.19×1010 items, with the highest value observed in August. Fibers were the predominant shape of microplastics in zooplankton, accounting for 89% of the total, with no significant differences observed among months. Most microplastics were smaller than 500 μm, with an average length of (491±454) μm; microplastics detected in August exhibited significantly greater lengths (P<0.05). The predominant chemical compositions were polyester fibers and cellophane, accounting for 37% and 19% of the total, respectively, with no significant differences observed among months. The mean values of the microplastic pollution load index (PLI) and polymer hazard index (PHI) for zooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay over four months were 3.49±2.94 and 4.33±1.31, respectively, both corresponding to the lowest risk category(PLI<10, PHI<10). The mean bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was 55.59±56.84, indicating no significant bioaccumulation potential of microplastics in zooplankton communities (BAF<1000). Temperature, suspended particulate matter concentration, and chlorophyll a concentration were identified as the primary factors influencing the risk assessment outcomes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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