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As primary producers, phytoplankton constitute a vital component of marine ecosystems, and their community structure largely determines the stability of these ecosystems. Previous studies on phytoplankton community structure in Laizhou Bay have relied primarily on short-term observations or data from one or two sampling cruises. There remains a scarcity of multi-year continuous survey data, and the temporal evolution of phytoplankton community structure has rarely been systematically analyzed. Based on survey data from 2016 to 2023 summer in Laizhou Bay, we investigated the interannual variations of phytoplankton and conducted correlation analyses between phytoplankton communities and environmental factors. Results show that a total of 106 species from 3 phyla were identified over the 8-year period, predominantly diatoms, followed by dinoflagellates. Significant interannual variations in species composition were observed, and the lowest diversity (48 species) occurred in 2019 and the highest (68 species) in 2020. Phytoplankton cell abundance ranged from 39.1×104 cells/m3 to 2 687.3×104 cells/m3, peaked in 2017 and reached the minimum levels in 2021. In the planar distribution, the phytoplankton cell abundance, the nearshore waters of estuaries such as the Yellow River estuary and Xiaoqing River estuary are higher than that of the central part of the bay. Dominant species included Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum, and Cerataulina pelagica. Correlation analysis revealed that nitrate-nitrogen was the primary environmental factor on phytoplankton abundance. The overall upward trend in the interannual variations of diversity index (H'), richness index (d), and evenness index (J') indicate that phytoplankton community structure tended to improve. This study contributed to clarifying the evolutionary trend and influencing factors of phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay, and provided a scientific foundation for decision-making in marine ecological environment protection of the bay area.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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