According to the data collected from bottom-trawl surveys in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters during spring and fall in 2011 and 2013–2016, generalized additive model (GAM) based on the Tweedie distribution was used to examine the relationship between the distribution of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) and environment factors in different seasons and ontogenetic stages. Combined with the bottom sea water temperature (BSWT), bottom sea water salinity (BSWS), water depth, sediment types, and abundance of prey (Crangon affinis, Leptochela gracilis, Engraulis japonicus, Thrissa kammalensis), the conditional index k and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) were used to measure the degree of multicollinearity between these factors. The results of multicollinearity indicated that all factors can be used as explanatory variables. The results of Tweedie-GAM show that the factors affecting the distribution of small yellow croaker and their deviance explained varied greatly with seasons (spring and fall) and ontogenetic stages (juvenile and adult). For example, the factors affecting the spring-juvenile small yellow croaker distribution were BSWT, BSWS, water depth and the abundance of C. affinis, which depth had the largest deviance explained (16.09%). In addition, the factors affecting the spring-adultl yellow croaker distribution were BSWT, BSWS, water depth and the abundance of C. affinis and E.japonicus, which BSWS had the largest deviance explained (13.56%). The distribution of small yellow croaker in different seasons and ontogenetic stages was found to be closely related to its ecological habits, environmental factors and distribution of prey in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |