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Eco-dynamics of marine plankton are remarkably sensitive to changes in their environments. The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid environmental changes as the global climate change intensifies. Understanding the seasonal distribution and variation of low-trophic plankton is a prerequisite for exploring the response of ecosystem to changing environment in the Arctic Ocean, and is also an important basis for assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of the Arctic Ocean. Based on above, a coupled ocean-sea ice-biogeochemical cycling model was developed and applied to evaluate the temporal-spatial variations of chlorophyll a concentration and planktonic structures in the Arctic Ocean. The results suggested that: (1) surface chlorophyll a concentration mainly peaks in May, with the higher values on the Pacific side than the Atlantic; since stratification occurs, subsurface chlorophyll a maximums are found in areas having limited nutrients at surface, and the depth of subsurface chlorophyll a maximums gradually deepens from the shelf towards the basin; in September, the high chlorophyll a concentration returns to the upper layer from the subsurface, presenting a sub-peak of surface chlorophyll a concentration on the Pacific side. (2) Substantial regional differences in surface plankton communities exist in the Arctic Ocean due to the influences of the Pacific and Atlantic inflows with variations in nutrients concentrations and structures. Diatom and mesozooplankton are dominant species on the Pacific side where diatom biomass exhibits two peaks in May and September, meanwhile nanophytoplankton maintains relatively high biomass in March, May and June. Atlantic side experiences a seasonal succession from nanophytoplankton to diatom then to nanophytoplankton corresponding to early spring, late spring-early summer, and summer-autumn, respectively. Over the entire growth season, nanophytoplankton and microzooplankton dominate on the Atlantic side. Generally, the peak biomass of zooplankton has a lag for half a month to the peak of phytoplankton biomass in the Arctic Ocean.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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