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In order to further study the metamorphosis development and growth characteristics of the hybrid offspring of Epinephelus lanceolatus♀×E. tukula♂, we measured embryonic development time, fertilization rate, deformity rate, hatching rate and growth traits (full length, body length, height and anal front) of the hybrid offspring and E. lanceolatus. We also observed the absorption process of yolk sac and oil globule, the growth and contraction of the second dorsal spine and pelvic fin spine, and the changes of eye diameter and oral fissure during embryonic development of hybrid offspring. Statistical analysis of the data was performed. The results show that the hybrid offspring and E. lanceolatus complete embryo development at 21 h 24 min and 21 h 32 min at 28℃, respectively; the fertilization rate, deformity rate and hatching rate of hybrid offspring are 89.09%±0.08%, 35.16%±5.05% and 62.59%±10.70%, respectively, no significant difference is shown compared with that of E. lanceolatus. According to the morphological changes of yolk sac, second dorsal spine, pelvic fin spine, scales and body color, the post-embryonic metamorphosis is divided into early larvae (0–6 d after hatching), late larvae (7–34 d after hatching), juveniles (35–46 d after hatching) and juvenile fish period (47–86 d after hatching). The growth of the early larvae is slower, while the growth of the larvae to the juveniles increases gradually. At 86 d after hatching, the body lengths of the hybrid offspring and E. lanceolatus reach (60.80±0.50) cm and (51.80±0.47) cm, which indicates the growth of the hybrid offspring is significantly faster than E. lanceolatus (P<0.01). During embryo development, the yolk sac consumption is 29.45%, the oil ball consumption is 20.75%, and the yolk sac consumption is the fastest at 1 d after hatching, reaching 58.70%. The oil globule consumption is the fastest at 3 d after hatching, reaching 32.08%, and the yolk sac and oil globule of the larvae are basically absorbed at 5 d after hatching. The lengths of the second dorsal spine and pelvic fin spine reach the longest of (8.15±0.02) mm and (5.80±0.10) mm at 29 d after hatching respectively, and they completely degenerate at 47 d after hatching which marks the completion of metamorphosis. The eye diameter of the larvae is (0.16±0.01) mm at 1 d after hatching, which increases by 22 times at 86 d after hatching. The length of oral fissure is (0.09±0.02) mm, and it increases by 99 times at 86 d after hatching. The results show that the hybrid offspring of E. lanceolatus♀×E. tukula♂ develops normally, and the hybrid offspring shows a significant growth advantage comparing with its female parent. This study provides rich data for seed cultivation, development research and variety improvement of the hybrid offspring.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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