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By monitoring the typical profiles of the artificial cobble and sandy beach on Xiamen Tianquan Bay and Huizhan before and after the super Typhoon No.1614 Meranti, combined with the observation and numerical simulation of hydrodynamic factors, we calculate the wave field together with the total water level during the typhoon process, and analyze the morphology and the average variation of the profile. Results show that the characteristics of response to typhoon between artificial cobble and sandy beach on macro-tidal coast are significantly different. The majority of cobbles transported onshore, the beach face eroded while the beach berm accumulated to form a higher beach berm, and the slope of the artificial cobble beach is obviously steepened. In contract, the artificial sandy beach shows obvious sediment transport offshore, the upper beach face eroded and the lower beach face deposited, the slope of the beach face obviously become gentler, moreover the top of the beach berm become flattened due to the strong onshore wind after the typhoon landing, and the height of the beach berm almost remain unchanged. Whether the beach berm eroded during typhoon process is closely related to the total water level including astronomical tide, storm surge and wave run-up. During the process of typhoon, the artificial cobble beach characterized with higher wave energy and steeper beach slope showed less profile variation comparing to that of the artificial sandy beach. The artificial cobble beach performed a small degree of response to typhoon. Taken together, it is an effective approach of slowing sandy beach erosion by using gravels and other coarse-grained sediments for beach nourishment on strong eroded high-energy macro-tidal coasts.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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