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Comparison with Geophysical Model Function (GMF) developed by methods of empirical statistics, ocean microwave scattering model works well at all microwave frequency. Composite radar backscattering model is comprised of Bragg scattering model and geometrical optics model. We calculated the normalized radar cross sections (NRCSs) from the composite scattering model by using the sea surface wind speeds and directions measured by buoys moored in the northern of South China Sea in the whole year of 2014, and then compared them with SAR on board RADARSAT-2 at C-band, microwave scatterometer on board HY-2A satellite (HSCAT) at Ku-band, respectively. The biases of comparison are (–0.22±1.88) dB ( for SAR), (0.33±2.71) dB (for HSCAT in VV polarization) and (–1.35±2.88) dB (for HSCAT in HH polarization), respectively. We also calculated the NRCSs from the model by using the sea surface wind speeds and directions measured by NDBC buoys in the time period from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2014, and then compared them with radar altimeter on board Jason-2 and HY-2A both at Ku-band with the bias of (1.01±1.15) dB and (1.12±1.29) dB, respectively. Although the biases of NRCSs between space-borne sensors and composite scattering model in medium and normal incidence are different each other, the accuracies of their sea surface wind speed products are the same(i.e. the root mean square errors are all less than 1.71 m/s). The results show that we can simulate the sea surface radar NRCSs of satellite-borne SAR, microwave scatterometer, and altimeter by using the composite radar backscattering model, and the simulations are consistent with that of CMOD5, NSCAT-2 and the GMF of operational wind retrieval for altimeter. It also indicates that the composite radar backscattering model could be used in calibration and validation of microwave sensors and simulation of radar backscatter from sea surface.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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