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Submarine canyons are widely distributed on global continental margins, they are the main channels for sediment transport from shallow sea to deep sea. Submarine canyons are of great significance for understanding the triggering mechanism of turbidity currents, the transport pattern of sediments, the evolution of deep-sea/abysmal fans, and the exploration of oil and gas resources in deep sea. Based on high-resolution multi-beam bathymetric data, this paper studies the large submarine canyon group in the northeast of the South China Sea. The morphologic characteristics and controlling factors of the four large submarine canyons, the Kaoping, the Penghu, the South Taiwan Bank and the Dongsha submarine canyons, are described in detail. Seabed slope, tectonic movement, the development of seamounts and seaknolls are important factors affecting the orientation and characteristics of the Northeastern South China Sea Canyon Group. Seabed slope has an important influence on the multi-branch and "V"-shape of the upper reaches of the canyon. The orientation of the Kaoping submarine canyon is controlled by tectonic movement, the orientation of the Penghu submarine canyon is related to the collision between the Philippine Sea Plate and the South China Sea Plate, the orientation of the Dongsha submarine canyon is related to the Dongsha tectonic movement, and the upper reaches of the South Taiwan Bank submarine canyon is controlled by the NW-SE faults. The blocking effect of the seamounts changes the local orientation and morphologic characteristics of the submarine canyons. And the submarine canyon group acts as a channel to transport large amounts of terrigenous sediments to the deep-sea basin and form a large scale of sediment waves, while the development of seamounts and sediment waves leads to the "rejuvenation" and steering of the lower reaches of the Dongsha submarine canyon.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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