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The phytoplankton water samples were collected in the multidisciplinary investigations in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (10.0°S−4.0°N, 83.0°−97.5°E) during March to May, 2013. Phytoplankton community structure features were analyzed, including species composition, cell abundance, dominant species. In addition, the species composition and abundance of phytoplankton were compared comprehensively by horizontal and vertical investigation, and the probable causes were also discussed. A total of 306 species (including varieties and forms) were identified, which belonged to 6 phyla (Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Cryptophyta). The dominant groups were mainly Cryptomonadaceae, Nano-dinoflagellate, Nitzschina spp. (diatoms), Gyrodinium spp. (dinoflagellates), etc., which were smaller cells in size. Horizontally, the cell abundance was similar at different layers with patchy distribution characteristics. The high cell abundance (104 cells/L) was in subsurface water (30 m and 75 m) at south of the equator on 88°E section. However, adjacent to the high abundance area, a larger area of low abundance appeared in the eastern and southeastern parts of the survey area, which extended to the equator. Vertically, diatoms and dinoflagellates were widely distributed at different depths with obvious spatial pattern. At most stations of 0 m and 30 m layers, the proportion of diatoms was 0.2−0.3 or even lower, while that of dinoflagellates was 0.7−0.8; in deeper water layers (75 m, 100 m, 150 m, 300 m), the proportion of diatoms increased to 0.5−0.6, and that of dinoflagellates decreased to 0.4−0.5 inversely. The species richness of diatoms and dinoflagellates were relatively higher at 30 m and 75 m layers. Dinoflagellates were important contributors to the species composition and cell abundance of phytoplankton in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, especially in low abundance area (80%). This study will greatly enrich the database of phytoplankton community characteristics in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, and provide data support for quantifying and evaluating the biological resources in this area.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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