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Salinity mixing and stratification in the river-dominated estuaries are important dynamic mechanisms for controlling transport and diffusion of suspended sediment. Based on the synchronous field investigation with three surveying vessels in the flood season in 2017, covering the spring and neap tidal cycles, the influence mechanism of salinity stratification on suspended sediment distribution in the Modaomen Estuary was analyzed in this study. Vertical distribution of salinity in the estuary also displayed spatial differences under the influence of interaction between riverine and tidal dynamics. The salinity at M1 Station (Guading Jiao), dominated by runoff, was mixed well vertically over the tidal cycles; salinity stratification occurred at the M2 Station (outlet location) and at M3 Station (outside the mouth), which were influenced by interaction between runoff and tide over the tidal cycles. Spatial distribution of suspended sediment was closely related to spatial distribution of salinity. In general, salinity mixing promoted the vertical mixing of suspended sediment, while salinity stratification constrained the suspended sediment to be concentrated in the bottom water layer, and high suspended sediment concentration (SSC) tended to appear at the layer where salinity stratified occur. The vertical distribution curve of SSC was L-shape or paracurve shape, while high SSC always concentrated in the front of the salinity wedge in the longitudinal direction, indicating a significant sediment trapping effect caused by salinity stratification. Comparing the stratification ratio and vertical diffusion coefficient at three gauging stations, there was a negative relationship between them, the larger stratification ratio is, the smaller vertical diffusion coefficient is, indicating the suppression effect of stratification on vertical diffusion. Furthermore, the higher stratification is, the larger suppression effect is. Such mechanism contributes to the sediment trapping caused by stratification. This study is helpful to reveal the mechanism of fine sediment movement and the mechanism of evolution of mouth bar in a complicated estuary, and provide scientific basis for regulation of mouth bar in the Modaomen Estuary.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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