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Using climatological and monthly temperature and salinity data from the World Ocean Atlas 2013 (WOA13) and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation Version 3.3.1 (SODA v3.3.1), this study analyzes the 3D spatiotemporal characteristics of stratification (N2) and pycnocline along the pathways of Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) in the Indonesian seas and surrounding waters in the western Pacific, the South China Sea and the eastern Indian Ocean. The results show that the climatologically mean N2 in pycnocline has little difference in all the pathways of the ITF, and the largest value is 10−3.68 s−2 in the central pathway and the smallest is 10−3.71 s−2 in the eastern pathway. The differences are significant for the depth (Dpyc) and thickness (Hpyc) of the pycnocline along three pathways. The largest values of Dpyc and Hpyc are 124 m and 192 m in the eastern pathway, respectively, followed by values of 99 m and 143 m in the central pathway. Compared to the surrounding oceans, the mean pycnocline depth and thickness of the three pathways in the Indonesian seas are smaller than those in other seas. N2 and Dpyc have remarkably seasonal variation with period of one year and inter-annual variability with periods of 4−7 year cycles. The interannual variability may be mainly affected by the ENSO event. Seasonally, the summer N2 in the Indonesia seas is less than that in winter (northern hemisphere winter and summer), and the maximum difference between winter and summer can reach two orders of magnitude. The long-term variation trend of N2 from 1993 to 2015 shows that the stratification intensifies in most areas of Indonesian seas and surrounding waters, where N2 strengthened by nearly 0.1 order of magnitude in 23 years in the middle of the India Ocean and Halmahera Sea.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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