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In this study, four samples of Gymnothorax mucifer were collected from the fishery market of Xiamen City, Fujian Province during the year 2020 to 2021, which were newly recorded in the coastal waters of China. Previously, the species had only been recorded in Australia and Hawaii, and was considered to be a synonym of Gymnothorax kidako. Detailed morphological characteristics of four G. mucifer species were analyzed, and the molecular identifications as well as phylogenetic constructions were also carried out basing on DNA barcode COI gene in this study. The main distinguishing characteristics of G. mucifer were as follow: the colour of the body was yellowish brown, the front of the head was slightly purple, the whole body was covered with slender, sparse, irregular branch-liked brown marking and the markings became darker and thicker near the tail, forming clear net-liked patterns; the margin on the anal fin was white, and became serial pale blotches on posterior part of the tail; total length was 1.01 times of standard length and 8.00−8.39 times of head length; the maxillary teeth were 8−10 and dentary teeth were 14−20 on each side, both teeth were uniserial; the median inter maxillary teeth were slender and uniserial; the total vertebrae were 117−139 and mean vertebral formula was 6-47-130. Basing on the COI gene analysis, the genetic distance between G. mucifer and G. kidako was 0.074, which was greater than the value 2% (0.020) suggested by Herbert as minimum genetic distance value to distinguishing different species, revealing that the two species might be two independent species. Morphologically, G. mucifer could also be distinguished from G. kidako by certain external characteristic: the body markings of G. mucifer were slender, sparse and inconspicuous, the front of the head was slightly purple, and the white margin of the anal fin broke into series of pale blotches on posterior part of the tail; the markings of G. kidako were obvious and thick with darker colour, the front of the head was yellow-white, the white margin on the anal fin continuous to the tip of the tail. The results of the study provided a taxonomic basis for the systematic classification and the species list revision of the Gymnothorax fish in our country.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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