This paper analyzes and discusses the long-term variation characteristics of Arctic sea ice using the latest sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) data from 1951 to 2021 provided by Hadley Center and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from the Climate Prediction Center of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The relationship between the rapid decrease of Arctic sea ice and surface sea temperature anomaly (SSTA) in tropical oceans is also investigated, revealing that there is a close relationship between the changes in tropical sea surface temperature field and the Arctic sea ice variation. The results show that the most significant sea ice changes occur in the Greenland Sea, the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea. Notably, the influence of the different tropical ocean areas on the Arctic sea ice shows noticeable temporal and spatial differences. The tropical Atlantic has the earliest impact on Arctic sea ice cover, followed by the Indian and Pacific oceans. Meanwhile, we found that 26-month, 30-month and 34-month lag is the optimal time-lagged correlation time period between Arctic sea ice and SSTA in the tropical Atlantic, the tropical Indian Ocean and Middle-Eastern Pacific, respectively and the mean value among them is a 33-month lag. The most substantial impact of SST on arctic sea ice occurs in the Indian Ocean, followed by the Pacific Ocean and the weakest in the Atlantic Ocean. When the tropical oceans appear positive (negative) SSTA, the arctic sea ice tends to be less (more). Moreover, Arctic Oscillation (AO), the Pacific-North American teleconnection (PNA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) contribute significantly to the Arctic sea ice change, which are the key processes leading to the abnormal Arctic sea ice change. The AO, PNA and NAO are not only influenced by the SST of the tropical ocean, but also by the Pacific Ocean Decadal Oscillation (PDO) of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). Our study aims to provide theoretical support for future research on the mechanism of the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice and global warming.