To understand the internal physical mechanism of wave breaking, it is important to study the distribution characteristics of the particle velocity field under breaking wave. In addition, a comparative study of the evolution characteristics of the gas-liquid mixing zone caused by different types of breaking is beneficial to the improvement of the whitecap coverage model. In the laboratory wave flume, a critical wave, a single spilling wave, and a single plunging wave are generated in deep water based on the linear phase focusing theory. The velocity fields below the wave surface and the velocity fields in the gas-liquid mixing zone are measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and bubble image velocimetry (BIV), respectively. The distribution characteristics of the velocity field at the extreme state of different breaking types are compared and discussed. The results show that the horizontal velocity u and vertical velocity v of the spilling wave are extremely asymmetrical in the front part and back part of the wave crest. In addition, the maximum horizontal velocity u_max is not at the top of the wave peak, but at the pre-peak position about 0.7$\eta_{\max} $ front part and back part of the wave crest. In addition, the maximum horizontal velocity of the peak. For plunging wave, the maximum horizontal velocity u_max appears at the top and very front of the wave peak with a very small region, and the velocity gradient between this area and the surrounding area is very large. The development characteristics of the gas-liquid mixing zone produced by different wave breaking also have differences. For spilling wave, the gas-liquid mixing zone generated by breaking has high horizontal movement speed, long influencing area, short influence time at each location, and small thickness. For plunging wave, the gas-liquid mixing zone has relatively slow horizontal movement speed and larger vertical input, shorter affected area, longer affected time at each location, and greater thickness.small thickness. However, for plunging wave, these characteristic parameters are in contrast with those of the spilling wave.