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With the rapid economic development and increasing anthropogenic activities, the groundwater in the coastal area has been excessively exploited. The resulting seawater intrusion has become a widely distributed environmental geological problem. Taken the coastal area of Laizhou Bay as a research area, the dynamics of groundwater level (GWL) and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed with the continuous monitoring data. Based on the rainfall, evaporation, tide and agricultural irrigation and drainage electricity consumption that affect the groundwater variation, the hybrid model of wavelet analysis (WA) and NARX neural network was introduced to predict the dynamics of GWL and EC. The root mean square error (RMSE) and goodness of fit (R2) were used to measure the prediction accuracy. The results showed that the annual variation of GWL was characterized by a type of rainfall infiltration-exploitation. A significant correlation at the frequency of 0.5 d was observed between groundwater level and tide, and the influence of tide on EC was weaker than that on GWL. For the dynamics prediction with WA-NARX method, the RMSE was less than 0.03 and R2 was greater than 0.98 in both the training and testing stages. The results indicated the hybrid model had a good performance and could effectively predict the dynamics of GWL and EC. The effects of different influencing factors as model input parameters on the prediction results were further compared. The results showed that rainfall and tide parameters were the main variables affecting the GWL and EC variations in the coastal zone. The pumping information reflected by the evaporation and agricultural drainage and irrigation power consumption also affected the groundwater dynamics. The degree of influence was related to the observation frequency. The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for real-time monitoring, prediction and early warning of seawater intrusion in coastal zone.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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