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Multiple studies have confirmed the long-term property modification of water columns from the bottom to the sea surface at the Southern Ocean and pointed out that it is closely related to the changes of large-scale external forcing. However, the higher frequency interannual variability of the water masses and its causes are still poorly understood, including the winter water (WW), which is the most vulnerable to external forcing near the sea surface. Based on repeated hydrographic observations along 110°E in Januaries 2011 to 2020 and meteorological reanalysis datasets, this study estimated interannual variability of the WW layer in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ) and its possible causes over ten years. Results show that WW properties have significant temporal and spatial variability in this region. A significant positive correlation between the WW core temperature anomaly and the previous-year Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) index anomaly (R = 0.69) and a negative correlation between the AAO index and the turning latitude of the local zonal wind component (R = −0.61), indicate that a larger (smaller) AAO index corresponds to a southward (northward) shift of the divergence zone, and the increase (decrease) of the WW core temperature in the SIZ. A negative correspondence between the local net precipitation anomaly and the WW core salinity anomaly indicates the negative net precipitation anomaly (less freshwater transport to the ocean) after 2016 contributes to an increase in the WW core salinity anomaly. Meanwhile, the local eddy kinetic energy anomaly is negatively correlated with the WW thickness anomaly (R = −0.70), which supports the idea that the enhancement (decrease) in the intensity of persistent cyclonic eddies in this region may strengthen (weaken) the upward pumping to shoal the depth of the circumpolar deep water, and further affect the WW thickness. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the specific response of water columns in the Southern Ocean to the high-frequency variability of external forcing.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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