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Parece Vela Basin (PVB), the most typical and largest back-arc basin in the western Pacific, is divided into the main PVB and the southern PVB based on its morphological distribution. In this study, the gravity anomalies and seafloor topographic features of the southern PVB are analyzed based on the open source gravity data, the measured swath bathymetry data and the sub-bottom profile data, and the particularity of this region and its genetic mechanism are further discussed. According to the seafloor topographic and geophysical characteristics, the southern PVB is mainly divided into five regions, namely, A, B, C, D, and E, which represent that the NW−SE seafloor fabrics formed during the NE−SW spreading, that the N−S spreading fabrics formed during the stage of E−W spreading of the PVB, that the NEE−SWW fabrics formed by the interaction between N−S trending spreading axis propagated from the north and the southernmost rift system during the rotation of the basin, that the seamounts formed at the same time as the PVB, and that the deeps formed by the interaction of the rift systems, respectively. The southern PVB shows obvious east-west asymmetry, that is, only the part west of the spreading center exists in the basin. We speculate that a part of the eastern half of the southern PVB thrusted over the Yap Arc, and another part was offset by a transform fault and the region now lies west of the West Mariana Ridge affected by the collision of the Caroline Ridge. With the continuous thrusting and migration of the oceanic crust, the gradually exposed spreading center of the southern PVB merged with the Yap Trench to form the present Yap Trench, and finally resulting in the absence of the eastern counterpart of the southern PVB.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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