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Shapes of freak waves are strongly related to the characteristics of their surrounding sea state. The most probable shape of rogue waves obeys NewWave theory under the narrow band assumption in the linear process. Based on the NewWave theory, the largest wave is located in the center of a wave group and the adjacent waves are symmetrical. However, wide spectral widths containing various frequency components are more common in the ocean. There is still a lack of systematic understanding of the shapes of in-situ measured freak waves and the surrounding waves. Furthermore, key parameters that affect the shapes are not clear. In the present study, shapes of 112 freak waves and the related influence factors from the ocean weather station in the Norwegian Sea are investigated. Merely 52% of freak waves are located in the center of the group, and the possibility of other freak waves occurring towards the front of the wave groups is higher. Besides, shapes of the adjacent prior and following waves of freak waves are asymmetry. Generally, the amplitude of the following wave is larger than that of the preceding one. By quantitatively comparing shapes of the averaged measured rogue waves and based on the NewWave theory, it is found that the spectral width is a key parameter for affecting shapes of freak waves. With the spectral width wider, the difference of profiles of sea surface elevations around the freak waves between the measured and using the NewWave theory is exponentially increasing.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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