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Marginal salt marsh patches play a crucial role in the morphological evolution of salt marsh-tidal flat systems by dissipating hydrodynamics and stabilizing sediment, and the tidal channel can also influence the growth, expansion and erosion of the salt marsh patches. However, the interactions between saltmarsh patch expansion and tidal channel formation are complex and poorly understood. In the study, we established a two-dimensional biomorphodynamic model and introduced a dynamic vegetation module to simulate the spatial-temporal distribution of saltmarsh patches and the geomorphic evolution of the tidal channel system. We explored the two-way feedback between the spatial patterns of the tidal trench system and salt marsh vegetation patches with different initial numbers. Model results showed that the tidal channel extended rapidly to both sides of the sea and land at first, and then developed a large number of creeks, and the salt marsh patches expanded to the periphery and gradually formed a large patch. Besides, the presence of marsh patches can increase the density of tidal channels and promote the development of tidal channels. Further, the orientation of tidal channels was affected by the spatial distribution of marsh patches, which can divert water flow and induce the concentration of tidal flow. Specially, in the early stage of saltmarsh evolution, more tidal channels were formed by the interactions between hydrodynamics and sediment motion with the increase of marsh patch numbers, and in the later stage, the influence of salt marsh clusters gradually changed from promotion to stabilization. However, the expansion and the spatial distribution pattern of salt marsh patches was later limited by the formation of tidal channels reciprocally. Our study extended current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the co-evolution of marsh patches and tidal channels, and can provide scientific basis for future works on coastal protection and restoration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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