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Over the past 20 years, the morphology of the Lingding Bay in the Zhujiang River Estuary has undergone anomalous changes, which is far beyond natural processes due to the influence of high intensity human activities. Hence, the resulted estuarine dynamics have inevitably influenced as well as the material transport processes. In this study, a three-dimensional model has been setup to explore the changes of residual circulation pattern in the Lingding Bay over the past 20 years and their potential impacts. The results show that the bottom residual flow along the East and West channels is turned towards the Middle Shoal area, which promotes the sedimentation there. The lateral residual circulation in the Middle Shoal depicts a layered structure of the surface to the west and the bottom to the east, mainly driven by the non-linear advection term. The large-scale sand mining in the Middle Shoal has resulted in the eastward shift of the residual circulation structure and the enhancement of the surface and bottom residual currents, which can accelerate the exchange of material between the surface and bottom layers. A longitudinal residual circulation structure exists in the West Channel with the surface layer seaward and the bottom layer landward, driven mainly by barotropic and baroclinic pressure gradient forces. Due to the effect of dredging depth, both the landward baroclinic pressure gradient force and the non-linear convection term are enhanced, the seaward-direction surface residual flow reduces by 22%, while the landward-direction bottom residual flow increases by 24%, which will weaken the exchange capacity of the water body in the western trough during the neap tide period, i.e. slow down the material export, resulting in the siltation of the western trough and the weakening of the water environment. This study can provide implications for understanding of estuarine residual circulation as well as material transport under anthropogenic disturbance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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