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The phenomenon of marine phytoplankton bloom in ocean refers to the annual cycle increase in biomass caused by rapid reproduction, which plays an important role in the biochemical cycles of marine organisms. However, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global phytoplankton blooms and their response mechanisms to the environment still require further exploration. Based on the chlorophyll a products of the MODIS-Aqua (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) from 2003 to 2022, we extracted the bloom indexes of global ocean phytoplankton (the ratio of bloom duration and bloom intensity). Then, we analyzed their spatiotemporal characteristics, trends, and correlations with environmental factors. The results indicated that there are significant seasonal and latitudinal difference in the distribution of the bloom indexes. Blooms in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere mainly occur from April to October, while in mid-low latitudes, blooms mainly occur from November to March of the following year. In the Southern Hemisphere, blooms develop in the month of November and persist until March of the following year in high latitudes, while those in low and middle latitudes occur from May to September. The ratio of bloom duration and bloom intensity show decreasing trends mainly in the mid-low latitude regions of the North Pacific, while increasing trends are observed in mid-high latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The distribution and trends of bloom indices are both regulated by environmental factors. Sea surface temperature and photosynthetically active radiation promote blooms intensity in high latitude waters, but inhibit them in low latitude waters. Meanwhile, the wind speed plays a restraining role in the high latitude sea area and a promoting role in the low latitude sea area.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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