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The seasonal variations of zooplankton communities in the nearby seas of the Island was investigated to know the relationship between the structure of zooplankton communities and environmental factors in the sea areas around Weizhou Island in Guangxi. Collecting samples of zooplankton communities were conducted in January (winter), April (spring), August (summer), and November (autumn) of 2022. The study examines the variations in zooplankton species composition, abundance, biomass, and dominant species across the four seasons, while also investigating their primary environmental influencing factors. A total of 224 species (classes) of zooplankton were identified throughout the four seasons of the year, including 25 species (classes) planktonic larvae, belonging to 18 groups. Copepods were the most abundant (78 species), followed by hydrozoan jellyfish (35 species). The number of zooplankton species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > autumn > winter > summer, and the composition of species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > winter > autumn > summer. The dominant species group exhibits a seasonal replacement phenomenon of copepods, red tide organisms, and glial organisms, as well as hairy jawbones and copepods. The seasonal variation characteristics of the zooplankton community structure are obvious. The annual average abundance and biomass of zooplankton are (246.50 ± 158.75) ind./m3 and (126.08 ± 192.27) mg/m3, respectively. The abundance and biomass in spring are the highest (712.80 ± 630.28) ind./m3 and (367.79 ± 264.33) mg/m3, while the abundance in winter is the lowest (62.09 ± 29.61) ind./m3 and the biomass in summer is the lowest (35.48 ± 19.88) mg/m3. The results of redundancy analysis indicate that water temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll a are the main environmental factors affecting the seasonal changes of zooplankton community structure in the sea area of Weizhou Island, Guangxi. The seasonal changes in water masses cause by the ocean monsoon drive the succession of dominant species of zooplankton. The seasonal variation characteristics of the abundance of copepods, an important group of zooplankton in the sea area, are consistent with the migration patterns of the Balaenoptera edeni in the waters of Weizhou Island, indicating that the basic feed organisms of the fishing industry affect the migration activities of the B. edeni. In addition, the ecological impact of the decreased dominant group of copepods caused by the proliferation and growth of protozoa and glial organisms in spring on the waters of Weizhou Island deserves attention and exploration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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