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Strength is one of the key properties effect the interaction between sea ice and structures. Brine pockets and air bubbles in sea ice have important effects on the strength of sea ice. In order to explore the effects of ice pore structure such as porosity, shape and size distribution on the mechanical properties of sea ice from a microscopic perspective, a numerical sea ice model including pores was established based on the discrete element method to simulate the uniaxial compression process under brittle failure of granular ice in the directions of horizontal and vertical to ice surface. In the numerical simulation, the pore size was set to conform to uniform distribution, standard normal distribution, and Gamma distribution. Results show that porosity is the main factor affecting the strength of sea ice, and sea ice uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of porosity. When the compressive stress reaches extreme value, the cracks in sea ice develop rapidly. The cracks around circular pores develop mainly along the loading direction, and thus, the final failure of horizontally loaded ice samples exhibits large cracks. While the cracks around elliptic pores are easy to develop into crack band.When sea ice porosity is the same, the types of pore size distributions and locations of pores in ice have little effect on the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus, but the development modes of cracks in sea ice are affected.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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