The Trachurus murphyi is affected by the environment, and the environment itself changes with time, with short-term seasonal changes and long-term regime shifts. Based on the data on jack mackerel stock and the environment from 1970 to 2017, this paper analyzes the relationship between the environment and jack mackerel stock from month to year using integral regression, regime shifts analysis, and all-subsets regression analysis. The month-on-month analysis results show that the influence of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on stock biomass changes most obviously with time. Chilean jack mackerel is more dependent on SST in spawning and overwintering seasons. Followed by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the effects of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) vary less in different months. The impact of Sea Surface Height (SSH) hardly changes from month to month. The annual analysis revealed four distinct regime shifts in Chilean mackerel resources over a long-time scale, with each regime characterized by unique dominant factor combinations. Notably, with the escalation of global climate change in recent years, a broader array of environmental factors has potentially influenced fishery resources, leading to significant changes in the patterns of environmental impact on fisheries.