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Traditionally, the creep performance of superalloys are characterized under isothermal and constant-stress conditions. However, in the service environments of aero-engines, internal cooling introduces notable through-thickness temperature gradients within turbine blade materials. Consequently, examining the creep behavior of single-crystal alloys under such temperature gradients holds considerable engineering significance. This study conducts a series of temperature-gradient creep experiments based on a Ni3Al-based superalloy. Temperature gradients of 105 K/m and 5×104 K/m are imposed. The results indicate that temperature gradients exert a substantial influence on specimens creep rupture life. Specifically, compared to isothermal creep, the application of a 105 K/m gradient leads to an almost 46% extension in creep life, whereas a 5×104 K/m gradient results in about 30% improvement. Fractographic and microstructural analyses reveal enhanced anisotropy on the fracture surface under temperature gradients. Furthermore, the oxidation behavior varies markedly across different temperature zones: the high-temperature region exhibits a denser, thinner oxide layer, whereas the low-temperature region displays a porous, thicker oxide layer. In the 105 K/m gradient specimen, the low-temperature area exhibits a rafted γ′ structure, while the high-temperature area shows a de-rafted morphology, suggesting differing strain rates between these regions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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