TiAl alloys have attracted much attention due to its excellent specific strength, specific stiffness, and high-temperature performance, which has great potential for application in the aerospace industry. With the development of aerospace technology, the performance requirements for its equipment and service materials have further increased. Thermomechanical treatment plays a very important role in the field of manufacturing technology of aerospace equipment. The mature preparation processes for TiAl alloys are mainly ingot metallurgy and powder metallurgy. TiAl alloys are obtained by both processes require subsequent thermomechanical treatment. Combining the processes of deformation with heat treatment, the microstructure of TiAl alloys can be effectively controlled, thereby improving the room-temperature brittleness and fracture toughness of alloys. On the basis of fully understanding the thermoplastic deformation behavior of TiAl alloys, further research on different hot working methods and processes, process parameter design and control of TiAl alloys are of great significance for reducing the processing cost of TiAl alloy products as well as promoting their production and application. This article mainly reviews the development status of thermomechanical treatment of TiAl alloys.The research progress in the thermoplastic deformation behavior as well as microstructure control of hotworking （hot forging, hot rolling, hot extrusion） and subsequent heat treatment of TiAl alloys is summarized. On the basis, this article proposes the development directions in thermomechanical treatment of TiAl alloys. The first is the research on thermomechanical treatment process of TiAl composite materials. On the basis of high-throughput material design, exploring the hot working and post-treatment process routes suitable for TiAl composites, is expected to develop a new type of TiAl material with excellent high-temperature comprehensive performance. The second is the optimization design of hot working process for large-sized TiAl alloy components. Combining machine learning methods to optimize the hot working parameters of large-sized TiAl alloy components, as well as predict the microstructure evolution during hot working, and developing new mold materials to effectively control the processing temperature, are expected to significantly improve the controllability and stability in the forming process of large-sized TiAl components. The third is the development of low-cost thermomechanical treatment technology of TiAl alloys, such as no package hot working technology and single-step heat treatment process. The fourth is the thermomechanical treatment control of new microstructures for TiAl alloys. On the basis of introducing nanostructures to refine the microstructure of TiAl alloys, a new type of TiAl alloy microstructure design is expected to carry out by thermomechanical treatment to further enhance the performance of TiAl alloys. The fifth is the efficient screening of thermomechanical treatment process parameters for TiAl alloys. Integrating multidisciplinary knowledge, constructing a large database of components, hot working/heat treatment parameters, microstructure, and properties, can reduce the costs and cycles of researches.