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The rock fragmentation mechanism of worn disc cutters provides theoretical guidance for TBM cutter changing. To investigate the correlation between cutter force and penetration depth，evaluate rock fragmentation efficiency，and elucidate the fragmentation mechanism of single worn cutter in extremely hard rock conditions，different blade widths were utilized to represent different wear levels. This study employed sequential indentation tests using both a new cutter with blade width of 17 mm and worn cutters with different blade widths on Beishan granite specimens with dimension of 420 mm×400 mm×500 mm. The penetration process，force characteristics，rock fragmentation volume，and specific energy were systematically analyzed. The key findings include：1）Both new and worn cutters exhibited consistent rock failure phases - initial compaction followed by linear deformation，with intermittent force drops during single penetration, 2）During sequential penetrations with the same depth for the new cutter，both the maximum penetration force and the force growth rate in linear-deformation stage demonstrated an initial increase then decrease, 3）Worn cutters with larger blade widths required higher average force per unit penetration depth. For each kind of worn cutter，the force-depth ratio of each penetration showed fluctuating tendency during the whole sequential penetration process，confirming the cyclic process of energy accumulation，release and then re-accumulation, 4）Specific energy increased linearly with blade width while the penetration capability decreased correspondingly. The 18 mm-blade cutter exhibited optimal rock fragmentation efficiency and penetration performance in sequential penetration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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