Synthetic biology, as a science transforming life science in the 21st century, is interdisciplinary in nature, breaking boundaries, emphasizing human roles, and shaping our way of living through technology, presenting common challenges in the Anthropocene era we live in. As a technology of the Anthropocene, synthetic biology blurs the line between nature and artificiality, merging the two and demonstrating the profound impact of technology on life itself. Synthetic life not only obscures the boundary between nature and artificiality but also transcends traditional disciplinary divisions, becoming a research object across various fields, thereby promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and integration. In this process, the openness of synthetic life and the generative nature of synthetic biology determine its future-oriented characteristics, altering the direction of technological research in the Anthropocene. Finally, the “big questions” and “small questions” that the philosophy of technology concerns about are unified in synthetic biology. Synthetic biology encompasses both general issues and its specific developments and applications. In summary, philosophical reflections on synthetic biology as a technological platform in the Anthropocene contribute to a deeper understanding of synthetic biology within a new theoretical framework.