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The (4+2)- and (2+2)-cycloadditions are important chemical reactions for constructing ring structures, with broad applications in the chemical synthesis and biosynthesis of complex natural products and chiral drugs. The discovery and development of enzymatic cycloaddition reactions, including both (4+2)- and (2+2)-cycloadditions, are currently hot topics in the field of chemical biology. Recently, several international and domestic research groups have successively reported multiple enzymatic (4+2)- and (2+2)-cycloadditions, revealing related protein structures and enzymatic mechanisms, designing new artificial cyclases, and developed different types of regio- and selective cycloaddition reactions through protein engineering. These studies provide a theoretical basis and successful examples for the design and optimization of novel cyclases using synthetic biology strategy, and will promote applications of the enzymatic reactions in organic synthesis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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