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In the topology optimization of compliant mechanisms, positional and shape factors significantly affect structural mechanical properties. The formation of concentrated hinge regions not only weakens structural strength but also hinders manufacturability. To this end, we propose a topology optimization method for hinge-free compliant mechanisms, incorporating geometric nonlinearity and utilizing the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method. Initially, the design domain is discretized, where the 0-1 distribution of the BESO method prevents element distortion during nonlinear finite element analysis, thus enhancing numerical stability and convergence. The deformations of the compliant mechanism at the input and output are constrained under unit excitation, effectively suppressing the emergence of concentrated hinges. This leads to improved structural strength and manufacturability. Finally, hinge-free mechanisms are fabricated via additive manufacturing. Experimental results from samples show excellent agreement with finite element simulations, validating the effectiveness of the proposed hinge-suppression strategy in compliant mechanism design.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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