Hydrogels have received increasing attention for their diverse applications in flexible wearable devices, bionic actuators, and biomedicine. However, conventional hydrogels often exhibit poor mechanical properties. Inspired by muscle training, this paper proposes a new method that combines the ice template method with mechanical training to prepare anisotropic tough hydrogels, and analyzes the effects of different training times on their mechanical properties. In the preparation process, PVA was first dispersed in deionized water, heated, and stirred to form a homogeneous solution, which was then slowly dripped into a mold and frozen with liquid nitrogen from the bottom up to form a PVA hydrogel with a fibrous structure. This hydrogel was then immersed in a glycerol-water mixture and mechanically trained using a custom cyclic tensile tester. The mechanical properties of hydrogels prepared by different methods were tested. Results showed that the anisotropic hydrogels prepared by the ice template method displayed a distinct fiber structure, albeit with significant fiber orientation dispersion. Following mechanical training, the fiber orientation of the hydrogels became highly consistent and more compact. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were significantly improved by the combination of the ice template method and the mechanical training method. In addition, an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model was proposed, taking into account variations in composition and fiber orientation. Comparison with experimental results verified that the model can effectively describe the mechanical behavior of the hydrogels. This study offers a new method for preparing anisotropic tough hydrogels and provides a theoretical basis for predicting and analyzing their mechanical responses.