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The mechanical behavior of coarse soil is affected by factors such as relative density, stress level, and loading path, resulting in distinct deformation characteristics, such as dilatancy under low confining pressure and contraction under high confining pressure. This paper develops a hypoplastic model for coarse-grained soil by introducing an asymptotic state boundary surface, which can be used to determine the flow direction of rockfill during shearing. In addition, a new density factor is defined based on the relationship between the current state point and the critical state line in the e-p plane to account for the state-dependent behaviors of coarse-grained soil. Model predictions are compared with the triaxial test data of Type I rockfill from the Changhe Dam to verify the proposed hypoplastic model. Results indicate that an increase in confining pressure reduces the tendency for dilatancy deformation, alongside the occurrence of strain-hardening behavior, as shown in the stress-strain curve under drained loading conditions. Conversely, excess pore water pressure within the specimen decreases as axial strain increases under undrained loading conditions. The proposed model is capable of describing the complex behaviors of coarse-grained soil with a simple formula and serves as a novel technical approach for geotechnical numerical analysis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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