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In existing fire tests on space frames， significant deformations were observed in the components， yet the overall structure did not collapse. Therefore， studying the fire resistance of space frames while taking into account the overall performance of the structure is of paramount importance for ensuring the safety of the entire structure and reducing building fire protection costs. In existing finite element （FE） studies on space frames， beam elements were typically used to model steel columns and beams， which made it difficult to simulate the local buckling behavior of constrained beams and columns. For concrete slabs， shell elements were adopted， but they struggled to capture the expansive deformation induced by the non-uniform temperature field along the thickness direction. In contrast， the aforementioned issues were effectively addressed by employing shell elements for steel beams and solid elements for concrete slabs. Furthermore， in existing FE studies on individual components， when the thermal-mechanical-time constitutive relation was applied to concrete and the thermal-mechanical constitutive relation was used for steel， the FE calculation results for deformation and failure modes agreed more closely with the test results. Therefore， this study adopted an FE model combining shell-solid elements， along with the thermal-mechanical-time constitutive relation for concrete and the thermal-mechanical constitutive relation for steel， to simulate the fire test of the space frame with steel columns and composite floor systems. The FE calculation results for the temperature and deformation of beams， slabs， and columns were in good agreement with the test results. Moreover， the stress contour plot of the concrete slab accurately reflected the test phenomenon where the top surface of the reinforced concrete slab cracked while the bottom remained relatively intact when the slab underwent large deformation under fire. The well-established FE model can provide a solid foundation for subsequent fire resistance analysis of composite space frames and the development of fire resistance design methods.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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