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Co-seismic gravity changes of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from different releases of GRACE monthly solutions
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Jing Lia, b, Jin Lia, b, *, Jianli Chenc, d, Chi Zhaoa, b
Geodesy and Geodynamics | 2026, 17(3) : 341 - 351
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Geodesy and Geodynamics | 2026, 17(3): 341-351
Research Paper
Co-seismic gravity changes of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from different releases of GRACE monthly solutions
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Jing Lia, b, Jin Lia, b, *, Jianli Chenc, d, Chi Zhaoa, b
Affiliations
  • aShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
  • bSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • cDepartment of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
  • dResearch Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
  • Jing Li, a PhD student in Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, whose research interests include areas related with physical geodesy, earthquake geodesy, and the applications of space geodetic observations in global climate change.

Published: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.1016/j.geog.2025.07.005
Outline
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The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Level-2 products, i.e., monthly gravity field models expressed in spheric harmonic (SH) coefficients, have been released in several versions since 2002. In this study, we analyze the extraction of co-seismic signals associated with the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman MW9.1 earthquake, using GRACE data from four versions, namely the RL01, RL04, RL05, and RL06, provided by the Center for Space Research (CSR), University of Texas at Austin. Results indicate that the co-seismic signals extracted from later versions of GRACE data are less affected by noise. Moreover, the earliest RL01 vision can also reflect the co-seismic gravity-change signals of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. In particular, we find that the spatial pattern of the co-seismic signals extracted from the RL04 version of GRACE data exhibits significant distortion, which is probably due to the large errors introduced in the processing of the atmosphere and ocean models in the gravity field inversion. Comparison between the dislocation model prediction and GRACE observation suggests that the GRACE results from later versions are more consistent with the model prediction. In addition, the dislocation models with stronger constraints from near-field measurements during the fault-slip inversion provide a more consistent prediction with the GRACE observation. The uncertainty estimation of GRACE data over the global oceanic region reveals that the noise levels gradually decrease from the earlier to later versions, with the RMSs of 7.1, 4.9, 2.4, and 2.1 μGal (with 300 km spatial smoothing) for the RL01, RL04, RL05, and RL06 versions, respectively.

GRACE  /  Co-seismic signal  /  Gravity change  /  Dislocation model  /  2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake
Jing Li, Jin Li, Jianli Chen, Chi Zhao. Co-seismic gravity changes of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from different releases of GRACE monthly solutions[J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 17 (3) : 341 -351 . DOI: 10.1016/j.geog.2025.07.005
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Major Program(42394132)
  • Key Program(42530114)
  • Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) Collaborative Research Fund(C501323 GF)
Year 2026 volume 17 Issue 3
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.geog.2025.07.005
  • Receive Date:2025-05-07
  • Online Date:2026-07-23
  • Published:2026-05-10
Article Data
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History
  • Received:2025-05-07
  • Revised:2025-07-05
  • Accepted:2025-07-17
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Major Program(42394132)
Key Program(42530114)
Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) Collaborative Research Fund(C501323 GF)
Affiliations
    aShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
    bSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    cDepartment of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
    dResearch Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

Corresponding:

* Corresponding author. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China. E-mail address: (J. Li).
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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