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Integrated gravity, GNSS, and seismic analysis for fault mapping in Sulawesi island: Insights into the Palu-Koro Fault
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Leni Sophia Heliania, b, *, Cecep Pratamaa, b, Ade Anggrainic, Bondan Galih Dewantod, Al Shida Natule, Dwi Lestaria, b
Geodesy and Geodynamics | 2026, 17(3) : 326 - 340
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Geodesy and Geodynamics | 2026, 17(3): 326-340
Research Paper
Integrated gravity, GNSS, and seismic analysis for fault mapping in Sulawesi island: Insights into the Palu-Koro Fault
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Leni Sophia Heliania, b, *, Cecep Pratamaa, b, Ade Anggrainic, Bondan Galih Dewantod, Al Shida Natule, Dwi Lestaria, b
Affiliations
  • aDepartment of Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No.2 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  • bResearch Group for Infrastructure Deformation and Earth Dynamics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  • cSeismology, Volcanology & Natural Hazard Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  • dStudy Program of Professional Engineer, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  • eStudy Program Geomatics Engineering, Universitas Indo Global Mandiri, Jl. Jend. Sudirman, 20, Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
  • Leni Sophia Heliani, Professor at the Department of Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Her research interests primarily focus on physical geodesy using satellite-based measurement.

    Cecep Pratama, Assistant Professor at the Department of Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. His research interests primarily focus on tectonic characterization and earthquake physics assessment based on geodetic observation.

    Ade Anggraini, Assistant Professor at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Her research interests primarily focus on active faults characterization based on seismology data

    Bondan Galih Dewanto, Lecturer at the Professional Engineer Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. His research interests primarily focus on environmental and disaster-based spatial planning.

    Al Shida Natul, a Lecturer at the Geomatics Engineering Study Program, Indo Global Mandiri University Palembang. Her research focuses on satellite geodesy and Earth observation, particularly in monitoring and analyzing the Earth's surface.

    Dwi Lestari, Assistant Professor at the Department of Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Her research interests primarily focus on deformation study based on Geodetic data observation.

Published: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.1016/j.geog.2025.07.001
Outline
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The Palu-Koro Fault is one of the most active left-lateral strike-slip faults in Indonesia. This study integrates gravity data (GGMPlus), GNSS measurements, and seismic analysis to better understand the fault structure and tectonic behavior. The results show that the high First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) value along the fault corresponds to a sharp density gradient related to high tectonic activities. The secondary fault branches and lineaments can also be identified from Tilt Derivative (TDR), emphasizing the fault system's complexity. GNSS data from the INA-CORS network reveals patterns with notable extensional dilatation rates exceeding 100 nanostrain/year in pull-apart basins and compressional zones displaying significant uplift potential. Shear strain measurements highlight regions with deformation rates exceeding 250 nanostrain/year, particularly in the central Palu-Koro Fault segment. Seismicity clustering analysis indicates shallow to intermediate-depth earthquakes along the fault, majority at depths 20-30 km, reflecting lateral tectonic forces align with strike-slip Palu-Koro Fault activities. The integration of gravity, GNSS, and seismicity results critical insights into the fault's heterogeneity, deformation processes, and potential for large seismic events, contributing to enhanced hazard risk assessment and mitigation strategies in this geologically dynamic region.

Gravity  /  GNSS  /  Seismicity analysis  /  Palu-Koro  /  Integration
Leni Sophia Heliani, Cecep Pratama, Ade Anggraini, Bondan Galih Dewanto, Al Shida Natul, Dwi Lestari. Integrated gravity, GNSS, and seismic analysis for fault mapping in Sulawesi island: Insights into the Palu-Koro Fault[J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 17 (3) : 326 -340 . DOI: 10.1016/j.geog.2025.07.001
  • RISTEK-DIKTI(048/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024; 2683/UN1/DITLIT/PT.01.03/2024)
Year 2026 volume 17 Issue 3
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.geog.2025.07.001
  • Receive Date:2024-12-29
  • Online Date:2026-07-23
  • Published:2026-05-10
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received:2024-12-29
  • Revised:2025-06-28
  • Accepted:2025-07-17
Funding
RISTEK-DIKTI(048/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024; 2683/UN1/DITLIT/PT.01.03/2024)
Affiliations
    aDepartment of Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No.2 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
    bResearch Group for Infrastructure Deformation and Earth Dynamics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
    cSeismology, Volcanology & Natural Hazard Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
    dStudy Program of Professional Engineer, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
    eStudy Program Geomatics Engineering, Universitas Indo Global Mandiri, Jl. Jend. Sudirman, 20, Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia

Corresponding:

* Corresponding author. Department of Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika, No.2 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. E-mail address: (L.S. Heliani).
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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