Full
ZHANG Peixin,born in 1991,a lecturer and supervisor of master’s students,is mainly engaged in the teaching and research work of coal sedimentology and global environmental change. E-mail: pxzhang@huuc.edu.cn.
Outline
The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode(CPE,~234-232 Ma)is characterized by a sharp increase in global temperature and humidity,accompanied by significant changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems,and is associated with the eruptions of the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province(LIP). Much of the current research on CPE has focused on marine strata with well-constrained stratigraphy,while research on the response processes of terrestrial ecosystems to CPE has been limited. Here,we review the status of terrestrial environmental,climatic,and plant changes during the CPE and explore its potential driving mechanisms. The evidence of multiple nearly synchronous negative carbon isotope excursions(CIEs),mercury(Hg)enrichment anomalies(peaks in the Hg/TOC ratio),and Hg isotopes provides direct evidence that the Wrangellia LIP was a driving factor for the significant changes in terrestrial environment,climate,and biology during the CPE. The eruption of the Wrangellia LIP released a large amount of CO2,triggering global warming. This has led to enhanced atmospheric circulation and hydrological cycles,promoting increased global rainfall and a shift in climatic conditions from relatively warm and dry to relatively warm and humid. These conditions have resulted in the extensive development of terrestrial deltas and swamps,the rise of lake levels,the intensification of chemical weathering,the increase of hygrophytic plants and freshwater algae,and the re-emergence of global coal accumulation,as well as the origin and radiation of dinosaurs,coniferous plants,insects,crocodiles,turtles,and mammals. Terrestrial weathering,the expansion of surface water systems,and an increase in hygrophytic plants and freshwater algae have driven a significant rise in the amount of terrestrial organic carbon buried,contributing to the resurgence of global coal accumulation. The increase in the amount of organic carbon buried and the re-emergence of global coal accumulation have created negative feedback on the improvement in global atmospheric conditions. This can counteract the greenhouse effect caused by the release of greenhouse gases from the Wrangellia LIP,facilitate the gradual stabilization of the environment and climate during the CPE,and ultimately lead to the termination of the CPE. These results suggest that LIP can occur in multiple pulse forms and have a powerful ability to alter the carbon cycle,trigger environmental and climatic changes,and drive macroevolution of organisms. On the other hand,global coal accumulation plays a crucial role in climate stability.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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