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The interplay of extreme precipitation and high temperature markedly diminishes the carbon sink capacity of China's terrestrial ecosystems. Although the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of these extreme events have been initially identified, their impacts on gross primary production (GPP) remain inadequately quantified. With the multisource data (1981 to 2100) of 4 shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), the Mann-Kendall test, empirical orthogonal function, and center of gravity shift models were used to identify the spatiotemporal evolution of GPP, and the structural equation model was used to elucidate the pathways and contributions of extreme events to GPP changes. GPP increased nationwide (0.02 to 0.07 kg C m−2 a−1 decade−1, P < 0.05), with growth varying by scenario and there is regional heterogeneity; the first principal mode of GPP was positive in most areas (59.55% to 100%), with the same increasing and decreasing characteristics; the spatial centroid of GPP exhibited a shift from the east and south toward the west and north, accompanied by marked ecosystem greening; extremely high temperature exerted the most -substantial negative influence on GPP under SSP5-8.5 (standardized path coefficients: −0.580), whereas extreme precipitation duration in SSPs 1-2.6 and 3-7.0, and intensity in SSP2-4.5. The total effect of extreme events on GPP change shifts from a positive to a negative effect (0.966 → −0.655, −167.81%) with increasing carbon emissions. Negative effects are concentrated in Northeast China, East China shows alternating positive and negative effects, and the other regions shift from positive to negative effects. This study emphasizes the importance of differentiated climate change adaptation capacity building.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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