The limited energy density of supercapacitors poses significant constraints on their practical applications. To address this issue，in this study，the hydrothermal method was used to grow an anthracene-based covalent organic framework（DaTp-COF）in-situ on the surface of graphene oxide（GO），and a novel DaTp/rGO composite electrode material was prepared. The structure，morphology，and electrochemical properties of the material were systematically characterized. The results reveal that the DaTp/rGO composite possesses a unique hierarchical porous structure with micropores，mesopores，and macropores. Meanwhile，the electron-withdrawing effect of the anthracene groups in the structure induces apseudocapacitive response of the Schiff base groups. Benefiting from this，in a three-electrode system with a 0.5mol·L^-1 sulfuric acid electrolyte，the specific capacitance of DaTp/rGO electrode reaches 251F·g^-1 at a current density of 1A·g^-1，which is significantly higher than that of rGO electrode material. In the ionic liquid electrolyte system，the DaTp/rGO electrode only exhibits the characteristics of electric double layer capacitance. However，owing to its excellent hierarchical pore structure，the electrode's specific capacitance is still as high as 158F·g^-1 at a current density of 1A·g^-1，and the capacitance retention rate is 78.82% after 10000 cycles. This study used the in-situ growth method to achieve the synergy between DaTp-COF and rGO，providing new ideas for the research and development of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials，and helping supercapacitors break through their application limitations.