To characterize the working characteristics of batteries more accurately, a second-order fractional-order model (FOM) is established based on the fractional-order calculus theory, with a Samsung power lithium-ion battery as the research object. Aimed at the nonlinear and multi-extremum characteristics of the second-order FOM parameters, an adaptive genetic algorithm is adopted for parameter identification. Based on the traditional unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm, a fractional-order singular value decomposition-multi-information adaptive UKF (FOSVD-MIAUKF) algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the improved FOSVD-MIAUKF algorithm combined with second-order FOM can better estimate the state-of-charge (SOC) of lithium-ion battery. The root mean square errors under both the dynamic stress test (DST) and federal urban driving schedule (FUDS) conditions are less than 0.5%, which verifies that the improved method has better adaptability and higher accuracy.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |