Full
Outline
The performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries at low temperature is a main bottleneck that restricts the electric vehicle development in cold regions. Low temperature heating (LTH) is an effective solution. A study is conducted on LTH method based on short-term high-current pulse excitation, and the heating characteristics are analyzed. Electric and thermal co-simulations are conducted and verified by experiments. The results show that the presented method can achieve a heating rate of 10.90 °C/min and consumes 4.35% of nominal capacity for raising 20 °C. The temperature consistency and its influencing factors of single cells during the heating process of battery module is investigated by simulation analysis. The results indicate that the difference of resistance is the main cause of inconsistent temperature rise while the inlet wind speed only has a minor impact. When the standard deviation of internal resistance is 4.3 mΩ, the maximum temperature difference can reach over 6 ℃.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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