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SOC Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Particle and Cubature Kalman Filters
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Yunhai PENG, Yao ZHANG  Member, CPSS, Fan ZHANG, Longjie YU
Journal of Power Supply | 2026, 24(5) : 159 - 167
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Journal of Power Supply | 2026, 24(5): 159-167
• Renewable Energy Generation and Energy Storage •
SOC Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Particle and Cubature Kalman Filters
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Yunhai PENG, Yao ZHANG  Member, CPSS, Fan ZHANG, Longjie YU
Affiliations
  • School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310016, China
Published: 2026-05-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.5.159
Outline
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Accurate estimation of State of Charge (SOC) for lithium-ion batteries is crucial for implementing battery balancing during charging and discharging, thus extending battery lifespan. Given the complex chemical characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and the non-time-varying nature of SOC estimation using the Kalman filter algorithm, a novel method for SOC estimation for lithium-ion batteries is proposed. Firstly, combining the precision and practicality of lithium-ion battery models, a second-order equivalent model for lithium-ion batteries is presented. Subsequently, utilizing the Adaptive Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares (AFFRLS) algorithm with adaptive forgetting factors, the impedance-capacitance parameters of the second-order model are identified online, establishing a filtering relationship for impedance-capacitance parameters. The proposed method integrates Particle Filter (PF) and Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) algorithms, termed Particle Cubature Kalman Filter (PF-CKF), to estimate SOC for lithium-ion batteries. Finally, Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) experiments are designed to validate the accuracy and stability of this method.

Lithium-ion battery  /  state of charge  /  adaptive forgetting factor  /  improved particle filter  /  cubature Kalman filter
彭云海, 张尧中国电源学会会员, 张帆, 于龙杰. 基于粒子和容积卡尔曼滤波的锂离子电池SOC估计. 电源学报, 2026 , 24 (5) : 159 -167 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.5.159
Yunhai PENG, Yao ZHANG, Fan ZHANG, Longjie YU. SOC Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Particle and Cubature Kalman Filters[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2026 , 24 (5) : 159 -167 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.5.159
Funding
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  • General Progran of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51877058)
  • Zhejiang Province Pioneer Plan Project(2024C01018)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 24 Issue 5
40
7
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Article Info
doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2026.5.159
  • Receive Date：2024-04-01
  • Online Date：2026-10-29
  • Published：2026-05-30
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2024-04-01
  • Revised：2024-05-14
  • Accepted：2024-05-29
Funding
General Progran of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51877058)
Zhejiang Province Pioneer Plan Project(2024C01018)
Affiliations
    School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310016, China
References
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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