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Outline
The state-of-charge (SOC) estimation of batteries generally uses the principle of ampere-hour integration to construct SOC models, which are further combined with filtering algorithms. To address the problems of a slow convergence speed and complex calculation, a predictive static open circuit voltage (PSOCV) method is proposed based on the open circuit voltage principle and second-order RC circuit models. The feasibility of discrete-time forward and backward difference state-space equations was discussed, and the parameter accuracy was also compared between linear interpolation (LI) fitting and least squares (LS) fitting. Experimental results show that LI fitting is generally better than LS fitting. The average absolute error of SOC estimation obtained using the LI-PSOCV algorithm under HPPC and UDDS operating conditions is below 1%. Compared with the cubature Kalman filter (CKF), the LI-PSOCV algorithm can converge instantly when the initial SOC value deviates and run faster.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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